FRET-based Visualization of PDGF Receptor Activation at Membrane Microdomains.

Platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) senses extracellular growth factors and transfer the signals inside the cells regulating cell proliferation, migration and survival. It has been controversial at which membrane microdomains PDGFRs reside and how they control such diverse intracellular signaling pathways. Here, we developed a novel PDGFR biosensor based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), which can detect the real-time PDGFR activity in live cells with high spatiotemporal resolutions. To study subcellular PDGFR activity at membrane microdomains, this PDGFR biosensor was further targeted in or outside lipid rafts via different lipid modification signals. The results suggest that, in response to PDGF stimulation, PDGFR activity is evenly distributed at different membrane microdomains, while integrin-mediated signaling events have inhibitory effects on the activation of PDGFR specifically located in lipid rafts but not outside rafts, implying the role of lipid microdomains as segregated signaling platforms.