A novel polyurethane/nano ZnO matrix for immobilization of chitinolytic enzymes and optical sensing of chitin.

Purified chitinase from Vigna mungo and N-acetyl β glucosaminidase (NAGase) from Canavalia ensiformis were immobilized on to the novel polyurethane (PU)/zinc oxide nanoparticles (nano ZnO) composite matrix with a conjugation yield of 0.785±0.01mg/cm2 and 96.19±0.85% retention of specific activity. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) also confirmed the presence of nano ZnO and enzymes on the PU support. Thus synthesized PU/nano ZnO/chitinase/NAGase conjugates were optimized with respect to pH, temperature and substrate concentration and successfully employed for development of an absorbance based optical biosensor for chitin determination in stored wheat grains. The limit of detection was 0.01mM with linearity from 0.1 to 10.0mM. The% recoveries of added chitin (0.1 and 0.2mM) were >95.0% and >96.5% respectively and within-day and between-day coefficients of variations were 1.03% and 1.78% respectively. The method showed good correlation (R2=0.996) with the popular 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid method. PU/nano ZnO bound chitinase/NAGase showed good thermal and storage stabilities and could be reused 10 times without any appreciable loss of activity.