A highly stretchable and conductive 3D porous graphene metal nanocomposite based electrochemical-physiological hybrid biosensor.

Recently, highly stretchable and flexible electrodes essential for wearable electronic devices has been reported. However, their electrical resistances are high, the fabrication processes are complicated and involve a high cost, and deformations such as stretching can lead to the degradation on electrical performance. To address these issues, a novel fabrication process (both inexpensive and simple) for the highly stretchable and conductive electrodes using well patterned 3D porous laser-induced graphene silver nanocomposite was developed. The fabricated electrode exhibited a high, uniform electrical conductivity even under mechanical deformations. Addition of platinum and gold nanoparticles (PtAuNP) on the 3D porous LIG greatly improved the electrochemical performance for wearable glucose sensor applications. The fabricated glucose sensor exhibited low detection limit (5 µM), and acceptable detection range from 0 to 1.1 mM (covers the glucose range in sweat), and high linearity (0.99). In addition, the fabricated pH sensor also exhibited a linear response (66 mV/pH) at the range from 4 to 7. This work successfully demonstrates the potential of this novel fabrication technique and stretchable LIG metal nanocomposite for wearable electrochemical-physiological hybrid biosensors.