A Label-Free Fluorescent AND Logic Gate Aptasensor for Sensitive ATP Detection.

In this study, a label-free fluorescent, enzyme-free, simple, highly sensitive AND logic gate aptasensor was developed for the detection of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) with cohesive ends was attached to graphene oxide (GO) to form an aptasensor probe. ATP and single-stranded DNA were used as input signals. Fluorescence intensity of PicoGreen dye was used as an output signal. The biosensor-related performances, including the logic gate construction, reaction time, linearity, sensitivity, and specificity, were investigated and the results showed that an AND logic gate was successfully constructed. The ATP detection range was found to be 20 to 400 nM (R² = 0.9943) with limit of detection (LOD) of 142.6 pM, and the sensitivity range was 1.846 × 10⁶ to 2.988 × 10⁶ M-1. This method for the detection of ATP has the characteristics of being simple, low cost, and highly sensitive.