传感器类型
电化学生物传感器
检测对象
葡萄糖(glucose, Glu);样品基质:10 mM PBS(pH 7.0)含0.1 M KCl、加标尿液
检测原理
该传感器以葡萄糖氧化酶(GOx)为识别元件,葡萄糖进入传感界面后被GOx催化氧化,生成过氧化氢(H2O2)。H2O2随后在钴六氰合铁酸盐纳米颗粒(CoNPs)表面发生电催化还原,在−0.1 V低电位下产生还原电流。CoNPs提供可逆氧化还原中心,使H2O2在较低电位即可被还原,从而避免常见电活性物质干扰;多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)形成三维导电网络,金纳米种子(AuNPs)桥接CoNPs与CNTs,共同促进电子传递并增强CoNPs的催化活性。葡萄糖浓度越高,生成的H2O2越多,最终还原电流越大,因此电流响应与葡萄糖浓度呈线性关系。
检测灵敏度
LOD: 0.5 μM (3 S/N);线性范围: 0.005–2 mM
效应效果
该葡萄糖生物传感器在−0.1 V工作电位下具有良好选择性,0.1 mM抗坏血酸(AA)和尿酸(UA)对0.5 mM葡萄糖的响应基本可忽略。连续10次循环伏安显示界面稳定,稳态响应在10 s内达到。对0.25 mM葡萄糖连续测量10次,RSD为3.1%;6个不同传感器间RSD为4.6%。加标尿液样品回收率为98.7%–104%,RSD为1.20%–4.67%。作者认为其线性范围和检出限优于电沉积CoHCF、层层组装PAMAM/AuNPs/PVS覆盖CoHCF、吸附普鲁士蓝碳糊、钯/镍六氰合铁酸盐及聚吡咯/铜六氰合铁酸盐等已有MHCFs葡萄糖传感器,方法简单快速、无需连接试剂,具有实际应用潜力。
传感器的构成
- 基底电极:玻碳电极(GC),抛光清洗后作为工作电极与电子换能基底
- 碳纳米管支架层:多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs/CNTs),2 mg mL−1乙醇分散液滴涂,形成三维网络并促进电子传递
- 金纳米种子层:3.5 nm金纳米颗粒(AuNPs/Au(seed)),滴涂于CNTs上,作为CoNPs成核位点并桥接CNTs与CoNPs
- 钴六氰合铁酸盐催化层:钴六氰合铁酸盐纳米颗粒(CoNPs/CoHCF),在含0.25 M KCl、0.5 mM CoCl2、0.25 mM K3Fe(CN)6的生长液中化学沉积,电催化还原H2O2
- 酶识别层:葡萄糖氧化酶(GOx),催化葡萄糖氧化生成H2O2
- 交联固定层:牛血清白蛋白(BSA)与戊二醛(glutaric dialdehyde),混合固定GOx并形成交联网络
中文摘要
本文首次将种子介导法用于钴六氰合铁酸盐纳米颗粒(CoNPs)的生长,以3.5 nm金纳米颗粒(AuNPs)为种子、多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)为生长支架,二者对过氧化氢(H2O2)还原具有协同作用。借助金种子,可在玻碳电极(GC)上一步完成CoNPs的制备,无需连接试剂,从而充分发挥钴六氰合铁酸盐的电化学性能。该传感表面与葡萄糖氧化酶(GOx)结合,用于葡萄糖生物传感器。CoNPs的生长是围绕小Au纳米种子的化学沉积过程,纳米种子桥接CoNPs与CNTs,形成智能纳米复合结构。球形CoNPs在CNT三维网络上分散适中,直径约100 nm;而无金种子时钴六氰合铁酸盐只能形成连续膜,尺寸远非纳米级且催化能力差。该方法合成与修饰简单快速,无需预先制备CoNPs和长交联过程。作者考察了种子和CNT用量、生长时间及生长液浓度,并采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和电化学方法表征。
英文摘要
In this paper, for the first time, we introduced the seed-mediated method to the growth of cobalt hexacyanoferrate nanoparticles (CoNPs), using 3.5 nm gold nanoparticles as seeds and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as growth scaffold which would both show synergistic action toward the reduction of H2O2. Via gold seeds, the one-step fabrication of CoNPs on the glassy carbon electrode is simple without any linking reagents, which will ingeniously exert the electrochemical properties of cobalt hexacyanoferrate. Combined with glucose oxidase, the sensing surface is applied as a biosensor for glucose. The growth of CoNPs is a chemical deposition process around the small Au nanoseed particles. The nanoseeds bridge the CoNPs and CNTs to form a smart nanocomposite. Spherical CoNPs have a relatively moderate dispersion on the three-dimensional network of CNTs with relatively even diameter ca. 100 nm. Whereas, in the control experiments without gold seeds cobalt hexacyanoferrate can only form continuous films, of which the size is far from nanolevel and the catalytic ability is poor. The synthesis and fabrication/modification of CoNPs are simple and fast without prior preparation of CoNPs and lengthy process of cross-linking. The amount of the seeds and CNTs, growth time and concentration of growth solution were investigated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electrochemical method were used.