电化学生物传感器 2010

Development of an implantable D-serine biosensor for in vivo monitoring using mammalian D-amino acid oxidase on a poly (o-phenylenediamine) and Nafion-modified platinum-iridium disk electrode.

Biosensors & bioelectronics Zain ZM, O'Neill RD, Lowry JP, Pierce KW, Tricklebank M, Dewa A, Ab Ghani S
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组成图示

Development of an implantable D-serin... 传感器构成示意图

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传感器类型

电化学生物传感器

检测对象

D-丝氨酸(D-serine);样品基质:脑细胞外液/脑组织(大鼠纹状体细胞外液,in vivo)及PBS体外校准

检测原理

DAAO立体特异性催化D-丝氨酸氧化脱氨,生成亚胺酸和还原型FADH2;FADH2被O2氧化再生FAD并产生H2O2,亚胺酸随后水解为α-酮-3-羟基丙酸和NH3。H2O2穿过PPD/Nafion复合膜到达Pt–Ir表面,在+700 mV(vs Ag/AgCl)发生两电子氧化,产生与D-丝氨酸浓度相关的安培电流。PPD/Nafion允许H2O2透过并阻挡AA等电活性干扰物,提高选择性;信号遵循Michaelis–Menten动力学,线性区斜率反映灵敏度。

检测灵敏度

LOD: 20 ± 1 nM;线性范围: 0–50 μM;灵敏度: 61 ± 7 μA cm−2 mM−1;R^2 = 0.999;t90%: 0.7 ± 0.1 s

效应效果

该传感器对L-丝氨酸、L-丙氨酸、L-半胱氨酸、L-酪氨酸(≤5 mM)和D-天冬氨酸(≤0.1 mM)无可测响应;D-丙氨酸灵敏度为D-丝氨酸的2倍(119±5 μA cm−2 mM−1),但脑内D-丝氨酸浓度高约两个数量级。多巴胺、尿酸、DOPAC、5-HIAA、HVA等干扰SX%<0.06%,AA选择性SAA%=0.05±0.1%。4℃保存tL50约6个月,连续使用3天灵敏度由60±1降至55±3 μA cm−2 mM−1。大鼠纹状体植入后微注射5 μL 100 mM D-丝氨酸产生60±0.01 pA稳态电流,空白电极无信号,适合脑内高时间分辨率监测。

传感器的构成

  • 基底/换能器电极:Pt–Ir(90/10%)微盘电极(PtD,125 μm直径,Teflon包覆线),提供电子转导并氧化H2O2
  • 第一修饰层:聚邻苯二胺(PPD),循环伏安电聚合形成选择性膜,允许H2O2透过并阻挡抗坏血酸(AA)
  • 第二修饰层:Nafion(1%酒精溶液浸涂5次),增强AA阻挡、密封电极边缘并维持H2O2通透性
  • 交联固定层:戊二醛(GA,25%水溶液处理5 min),与DAAO交联固定并保持酶活性
  • 识别元件:哺乳动物D-氨基酸氧化酶(DAAO,猪肾来源,600 U/mL),立体特异性催化D-丝氨酸氧化脱氨
  • 信号产物/电子供体:H2O2(酶反应原位生成,O2为电子受体),在Pt表面+700 mV氧化产生安培电流

中文摘要

D-丝氨酸作为脑内信使/胶质递质,促进神经信号和突触可塑性,需要灵敏工具监测脑内D-丝氨酸以理解胶质细胞释放机制。本文开发用于直接固定电位安培监测D-丝氨酸的生物传感器,将哺乳动物D-氨基酸氧化酶(DAAO)固定在Nafion包覆的聚邻苯二胺(PPD)修饰Pt–Ir微盘电极上。PPD与Nafion复合层使酶活性和传感器效率较单层提高约2倍。获得稳态响应时间t90% 0.7±0.1 s(n=8),检出限20±1 nM(n=8)。圆柱几何灵敏度低于盘状几何(盘状:61±7 μA cm−2 mM−1,n=4,R2=0.999)。抗坏血酸(AA)等中枢神经电活性分子干扰可忽略。电极植入大鼠脑纹状体并微注射D-丝氨酸,证明可在脑组织体内检测D-丝氨酸。

英文摘要

D-serine has been implicated as a brain messenger, promoting not only neuronal signalling but also synaptic plasticity. Thus, a sensitive tool for D-serine monitoring in brain is required to understand the mechanisms of D-serine release from glia cells. A biosensor for direct fixed potential amperometric monitoring of D-serine incorporating mammalian D-amino acid oxidase (DAAO) immobilized on a Nafion coated poly-ortho-phenylenediamine (PPD) modified Pt-Ir disk electrode was therefore developed. The combined layers of PPD and Nafion enhanced the enzyme activity and biosensor efficiency by approximately 2-fold compared with each individual layer. A steady state response time (t(90%)) of 0.7+/-0.1s (n=8) and limit of detection 20+/-1 nM (n=8) were obtained. Cylindrical geometry showed lower sensitivity compared to disk geometry (61+/-7 microA cm(-2) mM(-1), (n=4), R(2)=0.999). Interference by ascorbic acid (AA), the main interference species in the central nervous system and other neurochemical electroactive molecules was negligible. Implantation of the electrode and microinjection of D-serine into rat brain striatal extracellular fluid demonstrated that the electrode was capable of detecting D-serine in brain tissue in vivo.

关键词

D-丝氨酸生物传感器D-氨基酸氧化酶聚邻苯二胺Nafion植入式电化学传感器脑内监测