YestroSens, a field-portable S. cerevisiae biosensor device for the detection of endocrine-disrupting chemicals: Reliability and stability.

Farming, industry and urbanization lead to increases in the concentrations of potentially harmful compounds in waste, surface and drinking waters. One example of such pollution are estrogens, the steroidal female reproductive hormones. Already at a few nanograms per litre, these hormones can trigger endocrine disruption and cause acute and chronic health problems in humans and wildlife. Here, we present a Saccharomyces cerevisiae estrogen biosensor capable of detecting estradiol, as well as ethinylestradiol, at concentrations of 1 nM. After an initial characterization of the sensor strain performance in an optimal laboratory setting, we focused on developing a biosensor device. We addressed current limitations of biosensors, such as the requirement of the cells for a liquid growth matrix, controlled storage conditions required to preserve cell viability, and the usually required bulky, as well as expensive, laboratory equipment. Our study provides significant new insights into the field of applied biosensors. The system presented in this work takes microorganism-based analytics one step closer to field application in decentralized locations.