电化学生物传感器 2011

Aptamer conjugated Mo(6)S(9-x)I(x) nanowires for direct and highly sensitive electrochemical sensing of thrombin.

Biosensors & bioelectronics McMullan M, Sun N, Papakonstantinou P, Li M, Zhou W, Mihailovic D
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组成图示

Aptamer conjugated Mo(6)S(9-x)I(x) na... 传感器构成示意图

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传感器类型

电化学生物传感器

检测对象

凝血酶(thrombin);样品基质:PBS/Tris 缓冲液(临床相关浓度,未明确血清/血浆)

检测原理

该传感器采用无标记单步电化学检测。金电极表面先自组装 MoSI NWs,巯基化 TBA 再通过 S–S 键共价固定,形成高密度识别界面。未加凝血酶时,TBA 呈展开态,其磷酸骨架负电荷静电吸附 [Ru(NH3)6]3+,形成表面受限氧化还原层,DPV 氧化峰电流较高。加入凝血酶后,TBA 折叠为 G-四链体/椅状四重体并与正电荷凝血酶结合,表面负电荷密度降低且部分结合位点被占据,导致 [Ru(NH3)6]3+ 表面浓度下降,DPV 电流随凝血酶浓度增加而降低。MoSI NWs 提供硫端连接、高适配体装载量和导电通路,增强信号响应。

检测灵敏度

LOD: 10 pM (0.37 ng ml−1);线性范围: 2.0 nM–20 nM;r = 0.981

效应效果

该传感器对凝血酶具有良好选择性:加入非特异性蛋白 BSA 时电流变化不规则且不显著,说明信号来自 TBA 与凝血酶的特异性识别。与未修饰 MoSI NWs 的 TBA/AuE 相比,TBA/NW/AuE 的检出限由 20 nM 降至 10 pM,提高约三个数量级,表明 MoSI NWs 对识别界面和导电通路有显著放大作用。在 10 nM 凝血酶下,五次重复测量相对标准偏差为 7%,重现性较好。作者指出,该无标记单步策略的检出限比已报道的单步无标记电化学方法好约 10 倍;虽然灵敏度低于色谱或比色酶法,但步骤更简单、仪器要求更低,适合便携式即时检测。

传感器的构成

  • 基底/换能器电极:金电极(AuE,直径1 mm),经氧化铝抛光和电化学清洗,作为工作电极与导电基底
  • 纳米材料修饰层:Mo6S9−xIx 纳米线(MoSI NWs,文中为 Mo6S3I6),通过硫端与金形成 Au–S 自组装,提供高密度硫位点和导电通路
  • 识别元件:5′-巯基化凝血酶结合适配体(thiolated thrombin binding aptamer, TBA;5′-SH-CCAAC GGT TGG TGT GGT TGG,含 T5 间隔),通过 S–S 共价结合到 MoSI NWs,特异性识别凝血酶
  • 信号标记物:六氨合钌(III) [Ru(NH3)6]3+(由 [Ru(NH3)6Cl3] 配制),静电结合适配体磷酸骨架,作为无标记电化学报告离子
  • 检测介质:Tris-HCl/NaCl 缓冲液(10 mM Tris、50 mM NaCl、pH 7.4),提供离子环境和支持电解质
  • 电化学测量电极:Ag/AgCl(3 M NaCl)参比电极与 Pt 丝对电极,用于三电极 DPV/CV 测量

中文摘要

本文报道了一种基于适配体偶联 Mo6S9−xIx 纳米线(MoSI NWs)的新型电化学传感平台,用于高灵敏检测血液凝血酶 thrombin。MoSI NWs 通过硫端与金电极之间的硫–金亲和力在金电极上自组装成纳米线层;随后,5′-巯基化凝血酶结合适配体(TBA)通过硫–硫亲和力共价结合到 MoSI NWs 表面。电极修饰与固定过程经循环伏安法、高分辨透射电镜和 X 射线光电子能谱表征。检测时,带正电的 [Ru(NH3)6]3+ 氧化还原探针静电结合到适配体磷酸骨架上;加入凝血酶后,适配体发生构象变化并与凝血酶结合,使表面可结合的阳离子探针减少,差分脉冲伏安法(DPV)响应下降。该无标记单步策略的凝血酶检出限为 10 pM,比已报道的单步无标记电化学方法提高约 10 倍。由于结构简单、检测直接,该传感器有望用于便携式即时检测微器件,快速灵敏检测蛋白质和病原体。

英文摘要

We demonstrate the use of a novel electrochemical sensing platform based on aptamer conjugated Mo(6)S(9-x)I(x) nanowires (MoSI NWs) for the highly sensitive detection of the blood clotting enzyme thrombin. MoSI NWs nanowires were self-assembled on a gold electrode to which thrombin binding aptamers were covalently attached. The modification and immobilization steps of the electrodes were characterised by cyclic voltammetry along with high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The platform is based on the creation of a self-assembled MoSI MW layer via the sulfur-gold affinity followed by the creation of MoSI-thiolated aptamer conjugates via the sulfur-sulfur affinity. Using this system, sensitive quantitative detection of thrombin is realized by monitoring differences of differential pulse voltammetric responses of electrostatically trapped [Ru(NH(3))(6)](3+) cations to the aptamer before and after thrombin binding. The sensitivity limit for the detection of thrombin is 10 pM. This value is 10-fold better than all currently reported one step label free electrochemical strategies. Given the direct label free nature of the approach and the simplicity of the electronic detection, the aptamer conjugated MoSI NWs biosensor appears well suited for implementation in portable point of care microdevices directed at the rapid and sensitive detection of proteins and pathogens.