荧光生物传感器 2010

Simple biosensor with high selectivity and sensitivity: thiol-specific biomolecular probing and intracellular imaging by AIE fluorogen on a TLC plate through a thiol-ene click mechanism.

Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) Liu Y, Yu Y, Lam JW, Hong Y, Faisal M, Yuan WZ, Tang BZ
阅读原文 PDF DOI PubMed

组成图示

Simple biosensor with high selectivit... 传感器构成示意图

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传感器类型

荧光生物传感器

检测对象

L-半胱氨酸(L-cysteine)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)等含自由巯基生物分子;样品基质为 DMSO 溶液及活 HeLa 细胞培养体系

检测原理

TPE-MI 中马来酰亚胺(MI)单元的羰基与烯键形成 n-π 共轭,导致 TPE 的荧光在溶液和固态均被淬灭。当含自由巯基的分析物(如 L-半胱氨酸、GSH)接触 TLC 板上的 TPE-MI 斑点时,巯基与 MI 发生巯基-烯点击加成,破坏该共轭并生成巯基化 TPE(TPE-BSP)。由于 TPE 具有聚集诱导发光(AIE)特性,反应产物在固态/聚合态下恢复强蓝色荧光。荧光强度随巯基浓度增加而增强,低浓度约 1 ppb 时仍可肉眼观察;不含自由巯基的氨基酸或蛋白不反应,斑点保持暗态。在活细胞中,TPE-MI 纳米聚集体进入细胞并与胞内巯基(主要为 GSH)反应,从而以荧光信号映射巯基分布。

检测灵敏度

LOD: 1 ng/mL(约 1 ppb,L-cysteine,TLC 板肉眼检测);GSH: 约 0.3 ppm

效应效果

该探针具有高度选择性,仅响应自由巯基:L-半胱氨酸(L-cysteine)在 1–1000 ng/mL 范围内均产生可见荧光,1 ng/mL(约 1 ppb)仍可肉眼辨识;而天冬氨酸、亮氨酸、苯丙氨酸、精氨酸、天冬酰胺、蛋氨酸和谷氨酸等无巯基氨基酸均不发光。谷胱甘肽(GSH)约 0.3 ppm 即可开启发射,无巯基蛋白 GLVPA 无响应。TPE-MI 纳米聚集体孵育 HeLa 细胞 5 min 后,细胞保持健康,显示良好生物相容性;荧光主要位于胞质,核区较弱。方法无需昂贵仪器,操作简便、快速,适合固态巯基检测与细胞内 GSH 分布成像。

传感器的构成

  • 基底/固态载体:薄层色谱板(TLC plate),提供固态反应与成像平台
  • 荧光探针层:四苯乙烯-马来酰亚胺(TPE-MI)斑点,TPE 为 AIE 荧光团,MI 为识别基团
  • 识别元件:马来酰亚胺(MI)基团,通过巯基-烯点击反应特异性结合自由巯基
  • 信号换能元件:TPE 聚合态 AIE 荧光体,巯基加成后恢复强蓝色荧光
  • 读出层:254/365 nm UV 激发下肉眼或荧光成像观察斑点发光

中文摘要

本文报道了一种便捷、特异且灵敏的固态荧光生物探针。作者将四苯乙烯(TPE)通过马来酰亚胺(MI)基团功能化,得到 TPE-MI 加合物;该加合物在溶液和固态下均无荧光发射。当含自由巯基的分析物存在时,巯基与 MI 侧基发生巯基-烯点击加成,破坏 MI 单元的 n-π 共轭,使 TPE 恢复聚集诱导发光(AIE)性质,从而由暗态转变为强蓝色荧光。基于该机制,TPE-MI 斑点在薄层色谱(TLC)板上暴露于 L-半胱氨酸等含巯基氨基酸时发光,而暴露于其他无自由巯基氨基酸时保持无发射。该过程快速、对比度高,约 1 ppb 的 L-半胱氨酸即可被肉眼识别。类似地,含自由巯基的蛋白质如谷胱甘肽(GSH)也能开启 TPE-MI 的发射。以 TPE-MI 纳米聚集体作为可视化剂对活细胞染色后,可获得清晰荧光图像,为细胞系统中巯基物种分布的简便荧光标记提供了工具。

英文摘要

A handy, specific, sensitive bioprobe has been developed. Tetraphenylethene (TPE) was functionalized by a maleimide (MI) group, giving a TPE-MI adduct that was nonemissive in both solution and the solid state. It was readily transformed into a fluorogen showing an aggregation-induced emission (AIE) property by the click addition of thiol to its MI pendant. The click reaction and the AIE effect enabled TPE-MI to function as a thiol-specific bioprobe in the solid state. Thus, the spot of TPE-MI on a TLC plate became emissive when it had been exposed to L-cysteine, an amino acid containing a thiol group, but remained nonemissive when exposed to other amino acids that lack free thiol units. The thiol-activated emission was rapid and strong, readily detected by the naked eye at an analyte concentration as low as approximately 1 ppb, thanks to the "lighting up" nature of the bioprobing process. Similarly, the emission of TPE-MI was turned on only by the proteins containing free thiol units, such as glutathione. Clear fluorescence images were taken when living cells were stained by using TPE-MI as a visualization agent, affording a facile fluorescent maker for mapping the distribution of thiol species in cellular systems.