传感器类型
电化学生物传感器
检测对象
亚氯酸根(chlorite, ClO2−);样品基质:0.1 mol L−1 PBS(pH 7.0),面向饮用水消毒副产物监测
检测原理
FeTMAPP通过π–π非共价作用组装在RGO平面表面,RGO的高导电性缩短电子传输距离,使FeTMAPP在电极上发生直接电子转移,形成FeIII/FeII氧化还原对。在-0.36 V施加电位下,FeIII被还原为FeII;FeII与亚氯酸根发生化学反应,将其还原为Cl−并再生FeIII,构成EC催化循环。RGO与卟啉的协同作用降低过电位并提高催化电流,使安培电流随亚氯酸根浓度增加而线性增大。低电位检测可抑制共存还原性物质干扰。
检测灵敏度
LOD: 2.4×10^-8 mol L^-1(S/N=3);线性范围: 5.0×10^-8–1.2×10^-4 mol L^-1(3.4–8.1×10^3 mg L^-1)
效应效果
传感器响应在4 s内达到稳态,线性范围宽于毛细管电泳(0.1–10 mg L−1)、离子色谱(0.02–2.0 mg L−1)和电位法(50–150 mg L−1)。五个新制备电极的校准斜率RSD为4.6%;0.5和50 mmol L−1亚氯酸根重复测定RSD分别为5.2%和4.7%。连续50次循环伏安扫描后响应保持97.7%;室温避光保存4周后保持95.8%。1000倍浓度的常见阴离子、阳离子和糖类无干扰,抗坏血酸/乳酸<100倍、尿酸/乙酸<200倍、次氯酸盐<50倍可耐受。作者认为其可用于饮用水消毒副产物亚氯酸根的低成本、高灵敏在线监测。
传感器的构成
- 基底/工作电极:ITO(氧化铟锡)导电玻璃电极,作为换能器提供电子传导与安培信号读出。
- 纳米材料修饰层:RGO(还原氧化石墨烯)薄膜,提供平面π共轭表面,加速电子转移并改善分散与生物相容性。
- 识别/电催化元件:FeTMAPP(5,10,15,20-四[aaaa-2-三甲基铵甲基苯基]卟啉铁(III)五氯化物)通过π–π非共价作用组装于RGO,形成FeIII/FeII氧化还原对并催化亚氯酸根还原。
- 信号放大元件:FeTMAPP作为电子媒介/电催化剂,通过EC催化循环将亚氯酸根还原为Cl−,产生与浓度相关的安培电流。
- 电解质介质:0.1 mol L−1 PBS(pH 7.0,N2饱和),提供离子导电环境并维持电化学稳定性。
中文摘要
本文制备了还原氧化石墨烯(RGO),并通过π–π非共价相互作用将其与水溶性栅栏式卟啉铁5,10,15,20-四[aaaa-2-三甲基铵甲基苯基]卟啉铁(III)五氯化物(FeTMAPP)功能化。利用原子力显微镜、透射电镜、接触角、荧光、拉曼和紫外-可见吸收光谱对FeTMAPP/RGO纳米复合材料进行表征。由于FeTMAPP带正电荷,功能化RGO在水溶液中具有良好分散性。RGO可显著加速FeTMAPP的电子转移,使修饰电极呈现清晰的FeIII/FeII氧化还原峰,峰电位分别为-0.291和-0.314 V。RGO与卟啉的协同作用赋予该纳米复合材料对亚氯酸根还原的优异电催化活性,从而在低施加电位下实现高灵敏安培生物传感。该传感器对亚氯酸根的线性范围为5.0×10^-8–1.2×10^-4 mol L^-1,检出限为2.4×10^-8 mol L^-1(信噪比3)。栅栏式卟啉可作为功能化石墨烯用于电子和光学应用的有效分子。
英文摘要
Reduced graphene oxide (RGO) was prepared and functionalized with picket-fence porphyrin, 5,10,15,20-tetrakis [αααα-2-trismethylammoniomethylphenyl] porphyrin iron(III) pentachloride (FeTMAPP), through π-π interactions. The resulting nanocomposite was characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM); transmission electron microscopy (TEM); contact angle measurements; and fluorescence, Raman, and UV/Vis absorption spectroscopy. On account of the introduction of positively charged FeTMAPP, the functionalized RGO showed good dispersion in aqueous solution. The RGO could greatly accelerate the electron transfer of FeTMAPP to produce a well-defined redox couple of Fe(III)/Fe(II) at -0.291 and -0.314 V. Due to the synergic effect between RGO and the porphyrin, the nanocomposite showed excellent electrocatalytic activity toward the reduction of chlorite, thus leading to highly sensitive amperometric biosensing at low applied potential. The biosensor for chlorite showed a linear range from 5.0×10(-8) to 1.2×10(-4) mol L(-1) with a detection limit of 2.4×10(-8) mol L(-1) at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3. The picket-fence porphyrin could serve as an efficient species to functionalize graphene for electronic and optical applications.