Monitoring of viral myocarditis injury using an energy-confined upconversion nanoparticle and nature-inspired biochip combined CRISPR/Cas12a-powered biosensor.

The early diagnosis and timely intervention of viral myocarditis urgently require a noninvasive detection approach. Therefore, we present a CRISPR/Cas12a-powered biosensor that integrates an exceptionally efficient upconversion luminescent resonance energy transfer (LRET) with a nature-inspired biochip to determine a golden-standard cardiac biomarker (cardiac troponin I). First, a unique sandwich-structured energy-confined upconversion nanoparticle (acting as the energy donor) is synthesized to dramatically reinforce the LRET's ability. Such a structural improvement endows a relatively high quenching efficiency (as much as 93.8%) toward the surface acceptors and enhances the working adaption in complicated biological media. Moreover, a three-dimensional photonic crystal fabricated using a self-assembly of nanospheres is employed to construct a biochip interface, under which the upconversion luminescence is prominently boosted to approximately 27-fold to achieve signal amplification. Finally, the newly developed luminescence sensing method exhibits remarkable assay performance after introducing these attempts into a dual-aptamer-regulated CRISPR/Cas12a system to transduce the target. More importantly, this biosensor can primarily be a quite useful tracer tool to allow dynamic monitoring of the entire myocardial injury process in a coxsackievirus B3 infected mouse model, paving an attractive venue for medical diagnostic techniques.