电化学生物传感器 2010

Protein-based electrochemical biosensor for detection of silver(I) ions.

Environmental toxicology and chemistry Krizkova S, Huska D, Beklova M, Hubalek J, Adam V, Trnkova L, Kizek R
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组成图示

Protein-based electrochemical biosens... 传感器构成示意图

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传感器类型

电化学生物传感器

检测对象

银(I)离子(silver(I) ions, Ag+);样品基质:环境水、摄影乳剂(photographic emulsion)

检测原理

该传感器利用金属硫蛋白(MT)对Ag(I)的高亲和力实现识别。先将MT吸附于悬挂汞滴电极(HMDE)表面,形成蛋白修饰电极;随后将电极浸入含Ag+的样品溶液,Ag+与MT中的巯基簇结合,消耗游离巯基。清洗后,在纯NaCl支持电解质中采用差分脉冲伏安法(DPV)测量MT游离巯基氧化峰(FreeT)。由于Ag+结合使可氧化巯基减少,FreeT峰高随Ag+浓度升高而下降;在较高浓度区间峰高变化与浓度呈线性关系。该过程无需外源标记或酶放大,直接以蛋白-金属亲和结合引起界面电化学信号变化作为检测依据。

检测灵敏度

LOD: 500 nM;线性范围: 100–500 mM(y = -0.0285x + 14.262, r2 = 0.9956)、0–125 mM(y = -0.136x + 27.919, r2 = 0.9926);整体响应: 0–500 mM(y = 31.2 e^-0.0078x)

效应效果

在纯支持电解质中测量时,未检测到MT天然含有的Cd、Zn等干扰信号,表明Ag+与MT结合具有较强选择性。重复性方面,浓度高于50 mM时相对标准偏差约2%(n=8),低于10 mM时约10%(n=8)。实际样品测试中,对摄影乳剂采用标准加入法测得Ag+浓度为1.6±0.3 mM(n=5),与厂家数据和文献报道一致。作者认为该传感器结构简单、成本低,可用于环境水体中银(I)污染评价;但指出若需低于nM级检测,光谱仪器仍更合适。

传感器的构成

  • 换能器电极:悬挂汞滴电极(HMDE),滴面积0.4 mm²,作为工作电极并承载识别蛋白
  • 识别元件:金属硫蛋白(MT,rabbit liver metallothionein;实验中使用apo-MT),吸附于HMDE表面并特异性结合Ag(I)
  • 参比电极:Ag/AgCl/3 mol/dm³ KCl参比电极,提供稳定电位基准
  • 对电极:碳电极(carbon counter electrode),构成三电极电化学测量体系
  • 支持电解质:0.5 M NaCl(pH 6.4),用于清洗和测量,维持离子强度并减少干扰
  • 内源信号:MT游离巯基(FreeT)氧化峰,作为无外源标记的电化学信号

中文摘要

银(I)离子对水生动物具有极高毒性,因此需要对其环境浓度进行监测。本研究提出一种基于蛋白质的简单电化学生物传感器,用于检测银(I)离子。该传感器以悬挂汞滴电极(HMDE)为工作电极,将重金属结合蛋白金属硫蛋白(MT)在电极表面富集120 s,制备MT修饰HMDE。检测时,将传感器浸入含Ag+溶液,Ag+与MT结构结合;随后在不含干扰离子的纯支持电解质中用差分脉冲伏安法测量。由于Ag+与MT亲和力强,MT中天然存在的Cd、Zn等信号未被检出,而MT游离巯基氧化峰(FreeT)随Ag+浓度升高而降低。传感器对较高Ag+浓度响应良好,浓度高于50 mM时相对标准偏差约2%(n=8),低于10 mM时约10%(n=8),检出限(3 S/N)为500 nM。结果表明该传感器可用于环境水体中银(I)离子的快速监测。

英文摘要

Silver(I) ions are extremely toxic to aquatic animals. Hence, monitoring of these ions in the environment is needed. The aim of the present study was to suggest a simple biosensor for silver(I) ions detection. The suggested biosensor is based on the modification of a hanging mercury drop electrode (HMDE) by the heavy metal binding protein metallothionein (MT) for silver(I) ions detection. Metallothionein accumulated for 120 s onto the HMDE surface. After rinsing the electrode, the biosensor (MT modified HMDE) was prepared prior to detection of silver(I) ions. The biosensor was immersed in a solution containing silver(I) ions. These ions were bound to the MT structure. Furthermore, the electrode was rinsed and transferred to a pure supporting electrolyte solution, in which no interference was present. Under these experimental conditions, other signals relating to heavy metals naturally occurring in MT were not detected. This phenomenon confirms the strong affinity of silver(I) ions for MT. The suggested biosensor responded well to higher silver(I) ion concentrations. The relative standard deviation for measurements of concentrations higher than 50 microM was approximately 2% (n = 8). In the case of concentrations lower than 10 microM, the relative standard deviation increased to 10% (n = 8). The detection limit (3 signal/noise) for silver(I) ions was estimated as 500 nM.