Aptamers as Recognition Elements for Electrochemical Detection of Exosomes.

Exosome analysis is emerging as an attractive noninvasive approach for disease diagnosis and treatment monitoring in the field of liquid biopsy. Aptamer is considered as a promising molecular probe for exosomes detection because of the high binding affinity, remarkable specificity, and low cost. Recently, many approaches have been developed to further improve the performance of electrochemical aptamer based(E-AB) sensors with a lower limit of detection. In this review, we focus on the development of using aptamer as a specific recognition element for exosomes detection in electrochemical sensors. We first introduce recent advances in evolving aptamers against exosomes. Then, we review methods of immobilization aptamers on electrode surfaces, followed by a summary of the main strategies of signal amplification. Finally, we present the insights of the challenges and future directions of E-AB sensors for exosomes analysis.