A Label-Free Electrochemical Biosensor for Homocysteine Detection Using Molecularly Imprinted Polymer and Nanocomposite-Modified Electrodes.

An essential biomarker for the early detection of cardiovascular diseases is serum homocysteine (Hcy). In this study, a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) and nanocomposite were used to create a label-free electrochemical biosensor for reliable Hcy detection. A novel Hcy-specific MIP (Hcy-MIP) was synthesized using methacrylic acid (MAA) in the presence of trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate (TRIM). The Hcy-MIP biosensor was fabricated by overlaying the mixture of Hcy-MIP and the carbon nanotube/chitosan/ionic liquid compound (CNT/CS/IL) nanocomposite on the surface of a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE). It showed high sensitivity, with a linear response of 5.0 to 150 µM (R2 of 0.9753) and with a limit of detection (LOD) at 1.2 µM. It demonstrated low cross-reactivity with ascorbic acid, cysteine, and methionine. Recoveries of 91.10-95.83% were achieved when the Hcy-MIP biosensor was used for Hcy at 50-150 µM concentrations. The repeatability and reproducibility of the biosensor at the Hcy concentrations of 5.0 and 150 µM were very good, with coefficients of variation at 2.27-3.50% and 3.42-4.22%, respectively. This novel biosensor offers a new and effective method for Hcy assay compared with the chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay at the correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.9946.