电化学生物传感器 2011

A novel immunochromatographic electrochemical biosensor for highly sensitive and selective detection of trichloropyridinol, a biomarker of exposure to chlorpyrifos.

Biosensors & bioelectronics Wang L, Lu D, Wang J, Du D, Zou Z, Wang H, Smith JN, Timchalk C, Liu F, Lin Y
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组成图示

A novel immunochromatographic electro... 传感器构成示意图

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传感器类型

电化学生物传感器

检测对象

三氯吡啶酚(TCP,3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol);样品基质:PBS缓冲液、大鼠血浆(rat plasma)

检测原理

50 μL样品滴加到试纸条样品垫,毛细流动使样品中TCP与结合垫预载的HTCP-HRP竞争结合硝酸纤维素膜检测区包被的抗TCP抗体。样品中TCP浓度越高,被抗体捕获的HTCP-HRP越少。反应10 min后,用外壳切割器将检测区切下放入反应池,加入含OPD和H2O2的PBS底物。捕获的HRP催化氧化OPD生成电活性产物2,2'-二氨基偶氮苯,在丝网印刷碳电极上以方波伏安(SWV)检测,峰电流与捕获HRP量成正比,因此与TCP浓度呈负相关。无额外核酸/酶级联放大,主要依靠酶催化底物氧化和电化学检测实现灵敏定量。

检测灵敏度

LOD: 0.1 ng/ml;线性范围: 0.1–100 ng/ml;R^2 = 0.94

效应效果

在优化条件下,IEB对TCP的线性范围为0.1–100 ng/ml,检出限0.1 ng/ml,校准曲线相关系数0.94。封闭剂SPB可显著降低硝酸纤维素膜非特异性结合,提高选择性。对体内暴露于0、0.5、1 mg/kg CPF-oxon的大鼠血浆样品,IEB检测TCP的相对标准偏差分别为9.6%、5%和5.1%,表明重现性良好。与传统ELISA相比,IEB检测不同剂量暴露血浆中TCP的响应比例高度一致,且总检测时间约15 min(免疫反应10 min加底物反应5 min),远短于ELISA通常超过60 min。作者认为该传感器便携、低成本、可现场使用,适用于有机磷农药暴露代谢物TCP的快速定量生物监测和现场筛查。

传感器的构成

  • 换能器电极:一次性丝网印刷碳电极(SPE),含碳工作电极、碳对电极和Ag/AgCl参比电极,用于方波伏安(SWV)检测
  • 样品垫:玻璃纤维样品垫(glass fiber sample loading pad),用于加载50 μL样品并启动毛细流动
  • 结合垫:玻璃纤维结合垫(glass fiber conjugation pad),预载HTCP-HRP偶联物,作为竞争标记物释放
  • 识别膜:硝酸纤维素膜检测区(nitrocellulose membrane test zone),包被小鼠单克隆抗TCP抗体(anti-TCP antibody),捕获HTCP-HRP
  • 封闭剂:SuperBlock T20 TBS封闭缓冲液(SPB),封闭硝酸纤维素膜,降低非特异性结合
  • 信号底物:邻苯二胺(OPD)与过氧化氢(H2O2)溶液,HRP催化氧化OPD生成电活性产物2,2'-二氨基偶氮苯
  • 吸收垫:吸收垫(absorbent pad),维持试纸条毛细流动
  • 反应池/外壳:IEB外壳含切割器、试纸条槽和电极槽,将检测区切下并转移至含SPE的反应池进行电化学测量

中文摘要

本文报道了一种新型便携式免疫层析电化学生物传感器(IEB),用于简单、快速、灵敏地生物监测有机磷农药暴露的代谢物生物标志物三氯吡啶酚(TCP)。该方法利用免疫层析试纸条实现快速竞争免疫反应,并采用一次性丝网印刷碳电极对捕获的辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)标记物进行快速、灵敏的电化学分析。通过优化免疫反应时间、HRP标记TCP用量、电化学底物浓度及硝酸纤维素膜封闭剂等关键参数,实现了高灵敏度、选择性和稳定性。在最佳条件下,IEB对TCP具有0.1–100 ng/mL的宽线性范围,检出限低至0.1 ng/mL。此外,IEB成功应用于体内暴露于CPF-oxon等有机磷农药的大鼠血浆中TCP的生物监测。该传感器为设计简单、快速、临床准确且定量的TCP检测工具开辟了新途径,并对现场筛查暴露于有机磷农药人群中的代谢物生物标志物具有重要应用前景。

英文摘要

We present a novel portable immunochromatographic electrochemical biosensor (IEB) for simple, rapid, and sensitive biomonitoring of trichloropyridinol (TCP), a metabolite biomarker of exposure to organophosphorus insecticides. Our new approach takes the advantage of immunochromatographic test strip for a rapid competitive immunoreaction and a disposable screen-printed carbon electrode for a rapid and sensitive electrochemical analysis of captured HRP labeling. Several key experimental parameters (e.g. immunoreaction time, the amount of HRP labeled TCP, concentration of the substrate for electrochemical measurements, and the blocking agents for the nitrocellulose membrane) were optimized to achieve a high sensitivity, selectivity and stability. Under optimal conditions, the IEB has demonstrated a wide linear range (0.1-100 ng/ml) with a detection limit as low as 0.1 ng/ml TCP. Furthermore, the IEB has been successfully applied for biomonitoring of TCP in the rat plasma samples with in vivo exposure to organophosphorus insecticides like Chlorpyrifos-oxon (CPF-oxon). The IEB thus opens up new pathways for designing a simple, rapid, clinically accurate, and quantitative tool for TCP detection, as well as holds a great promise for in-field screening of metabolite biomarkers, e.g., TCP, for humans exposed to organophosphorus insecticides.