全细胞生物传感器 2011

Low concentration of copper inhibits colonization of soil by the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices and changes the microbial community structure.

Microbial ecology Hagerberg D, Manique N, Brandt KK, Larsen J, Nybroe O, Olsson S
阅读原文 PDF DOI PubMed

组成图示

Low concentration of copper inhibits ... 传感器构成示意图

点击图片查看大图 · 依据论文自动绘制

传感器类型

全细胞生物传感器

检测对象

生物可利用铜(bioavailable copper, [Cu]bio);样品基质:土壤-水提取液(soil-water extracts)

检测原理

该传感方法以铜特异性全细胞生物发光菌株 Pseudomonas fluorescens DF57-Cu15 为识别与换能单元。菌株携带铜诱导的 luxAB 报告基因,当细胞接触土壤-水提取液中的生物可利用铜(可诱导 luxAB 表达的 Cu 物种,如游离 Cu2+ 或 Cu-DOM 复合物)时,铜感应调控系统被激活,luxAB 表达产生荧光素酶。荧光素酶催化底物氧化,在 490–500 nm 产生生物发光。90 min 孵育后,发光强度随 [Cu]bio 升高而增强,并与 CuSO4 标准溶液的发光标准曲线比较,换算为 μg Cu g−1 新鲜土壤。该方法通过基因表达实现信号放大,直接反映可诱导毒性铜池,而非总铜。

检测灵敏度

LOD: <0.005 μg g−1(原文标注为低于检出限);线性范围: 0–1.5 μg g−1 [Cu]bio(原文:添加铜与 [Cu]bio 呈对数-对数线性关系);斜率: 1.58 ± 0.083 SE(ln [Cu]bio 对 ln [Cu]add);截距: -3.33 ± 0.138 SE

效应效果

该生物传感器用于 8 周微宇宙土壤-水提取液,发光值取两个分析重复均值,未报告 RSD、回收率或抗干扰数据。测定显示 [Cu]bio 随添加 Cu 增加,150 μg g−1 添加 Cu 时最高 1.57 μg g−1 fw;植物存在显著降低 [Cu]bio。作者称其为稳健的铜特异性生物传感器,可统一不同土壤与微生物毒性终点的暴露水平。据此,G. intraradices 菌丝生长 EC50 为 0.26 μg g−1 fw [Cu]bio(95% CI 0.16–0.34),相当于 55 μg g−1 fw 添加 Cu(41–65);HNOEC 为 10 μg g−1 添加 Cu(0.019 μg g−1 [Cu]bio),LOEC 为 40 μg g−1(0.17 μg g−1)。ARDRA 在 0.019 μg g−1 [Cu]bio 即显示细菌群落结构变化,提示可用于评估低投入农业铜污染风险。

传感器的构成

  • 反应容器:多孔板(multi-well plate),承载细胞悬液与样品,供发光计读取。
  • 反应介质:最小培养基(100 mM KCl、20 mM HEPES pH 7.2、7.6 mM (NH4)2SO4、4 mM glycerol-2-phosphate disodium salt、0.8% w/v glucose),维持 P. fluorescens DF57-Cu15 活性与发光。
  • 识别/感应元件:铜特异性 Pseudomonas fluorescens DF57-Cu15 菌株,含铜诱导 luxAB 报告基因,感知生物可利用 Cu。
  • 样品基质:土壤-水提取液(soil-water extracts),提供待测生物可利用 Cu。
  • 信号标记/换能元件:luxAB 基因编码荧光素酶,催化生物发光(peak emission 490–500 nm)。
  • 定量标准:CuSO4 标准溶液,建立发光值与 [Cu]bio 的标准曲线。
  • 读出仪器:Fluostar Optima 多板发光计(BMG Labtech),检测 490–500 nm 生物发光。

中文摘要

常见农业措施导致铜在全球农业土壤中累积。本研究在含铜土壤微宇宙中,考察生物可利用铜([Cu]bio)对丛枝菌根真菌 Glomus intraradices 定殖及其他土壤微生物的影响。为避免经植物产生的间接效应,铜仅加入无根侧室。采用铜特异性 Pseudomonas fluorescens DF57-Cu15 生物发光菌株测定 [Cu]bio。在 0–1.5 μg g−1 [Cu]bio 范围内,添加铜与 [Cu]bio 呈对数-对数线性关系。无根室微生物定殖通过全细胞脂肪酸分析(WCFA)和扩增 rDNA 限制性分析(ARDRA)评价。WCFA 显示铜强烈抑制 AM 真菌定殖,[Cu]bio 为 0.26 μg g−1 时菌根生长减少 50%;其他主要微生物类群生物量未受显著影响。ARDRA 显示铜强烈改变细菌群落组成,可能因耐铜细菌比例增加。结果表明,将轻度铜污染土壤转为依赖 AM 真菌共生的低投入可持续农业时,可能出现产量问题。

英文摘要

Common agricultural practices result in accumulation of copper in agricultural soils worldwide. The effect of bioavailable copper ([Cu](bio)) on colonization of soil by the AM fungus Glomus intraradices and other soil microorganisms was investigated in microcosms containing copper-amended soil. To avoid indirect effects through the plant, copper was only added to root-free microcosm compartments. [Cu](bio) was measured using a Pseudomonas fluorescens biosensor strain. In the range of 0-1.5 μg g(-1) [Cu](bio), a log-log linear relationship between added copper and [Cu](bio) was found. Microbial colonization of the root-free compartment was evaluated by whole-cell fatty acid analysis (WCFA) and amplified rDNA restriction analysis (ARDRA). The WCFA analysis showed that the AM fungus soil colonization was severely inhibited by Cu with a 50% reduction of mycorrhizal growth at 0.26 μg g(-1) [Cu](bio). The growth of other main microbial groups was not significantly affected by copper. However, ARDRA analysis showed a very strong effect of copper on the bacterial community composition probably caused by an increased proportion of Cu-resistant bacteria. Our results suggest that problems with plant yield may arise when converting slightly copper-contaminated soils to land uses such as low-input and sustainable agriculture that are dependent on AM fungal symbiosis.