荧光生物传感器 2011

Electric field assisted surface plasmon-coupled directional emission: an active strategy on enhancing sensitivity for DNA sensing and efficient discrimination of single base mutation.

Journal of the American Chemical Society Cao SH, Xie TT, Cai WP, Liu Q, Li YQ
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组成图示

Electric field assisted surface plasm... 传感器构成示意图

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传感器类型

荧光生物传感器

检测对象

DNA(完美匹配 DNA, PM;单碱基错配 DNA, MM),缓冲液(buffer)基质

检测原理

Texas Red标记的DNA发夹探针固定于金薄膜表面,未杂交时荧光染料靠近金表面而被猝灭。目标DNA与探针杂交后,发夹茎环打开,双链伸展,使染料远离金表面并进入表面等离子体耦合增强区。在反向Kretschmann构型中,氙灯激发染料,其发射与金膜表面等离子体耦合,经棱镜形成窄角度、p偏振的定向荧光。施加-400 mV负电位后,带负电的匹配双链被排斥而直立,染料更充分进入增强区,信号增强;错配双链稳定性低,杂交受静电排斥抑制,染料仍靠近金表面,耦合弱而被猝灭。因此匹配信号随目标浓度升高而增强,错配信号被抑制,实现高灵敏度与单碱基突变区分。

检测灵敏度

LOD: 100 pM(原文表述:detectable to a target concentration as low as 100 pM)

效应效果

在被动SPCDE中,杂交后荧光强度较杂交前增强超过70倍;在电场辅助E-SPCDE中增强超过120倍。与自由空间各向同性荧光相比,E-SPCDE在定向角度处获得超过12倍的荧光增强。对0.10–3.0 μM的完美匹配(PM)和单碱基错配(MM)DNA测试中,E-SPCDE的区分比(PM/MM)较SPCDE提高约10倍,达到超过20倍,同时抑制错配信号并避免假阳性与假阴性。作者认为该主动策略可提升芯片微阵列等微型化DNA传感平台的灵敏度和特异性。

传感器的构成

  • 基底/换能器:金薄膜(Au film)与棱镜(prism)组成反向Kretschmann构型,支持表面等离子体并实现定向荧光收集
  • 识别元件:Texas Red标记DNA发夹探针(Texas Red-labeled DNA hairpin probe)固定于Au表面,通过茎环打开识别目标DNA
  • 信号标记物:Texas Red荧光染料(Texas Red fluorophore)标记探针,随与Au表面距离变化发生猝灭或SPCDE增强
  • 电场控制电极:Ag/AgCl参比电极(Ag/AgCl reference electrode)施加-400 mV负电位,主动调控DNA双链取向与错配杂交
  • 光学读出:氙灯(xenon light)激发、偏振器(polarizers)和角度分辨检测,读取p偏振定向发射强度

中文摘要

本文证明了电场辅助表面等离子体耦合定向发射(E-SPCDE)的原理。将表面等离子体耦合定向发射(SPCDE)与外部电场控制相结合,可产生显著协同效应,以主动策略智能放大正确信号并抑制错误信号。作者设计了一种基于SPCDE中荧光猝灭与增强的新型发夹结构DNA生物传感器。通过调节荧光与表面等离子体的耦合效率,在增强完全匹配信号的同时抑制单碱基错配信号,实现了超过20倍的高区分比。E-SPCDE在DNA传感中成功应用,可消除检测中的假阳性和假阴性。该策略有望用于构建新一代微型化高性能传感平台,尤其适用于芯片微阵列,并使纳米尺度界面过程更易操控和检测。

英文摘要

We have demonstrated the proof-of-principle of electric field assisted surface plasmon-coupled directional emission (E-SPCDE). The combination of SPCDE and electric field control produced a significant synergistic effect to amplify the right signal and suppress the wrong signal intelligently in an active strategy. A novel hairpin structured DNA biosensor based on the quenching and enhancing of fluorescence in SPCDE has been designed. With modulation of the fluorescence coupling efficiency, a high discrimination ratio up to more than 20-fold has been achieved by enhancing the signal of match and suppressing that of mismatch. E-SPCDE has shown a successful application in DNA sensing, eliminating false positives and false negatives in the detection. E-SPCDE should provide an opportunity to create a new generation of miniaturized high-performance sensing platforms especially in chip-based microarrays and to make the manipulation of the nanometer-scale processes more accessible and detectable.