传感器类型
电化学生物传感器
检测对象
过氧化氢(H2O2),样品基质为含少量水的 [BF4]−型室温离子液体(非水相)
检测原理
HRP 被 Nafion 固定于 GCE 上,在含少量水的 [BF4]-型离子液体中发生直接电子转移,血红素 Fe 与电极间单电子准可逆过程。加入 H2O2 后,HRP 催化其还原,阴极峰电流随 H2O2 浓度升高而增大,氧化峰电流降低。咪唑鎓阳离子链长增加使离子液体黏度升高、H2O2 扩散受限,并增加膜内电子转移阻力,导致电催化电流下降;少量水维持 HRP 结构水与活性。
检测灵敏度
原文未报告 LOD、线性范围、灵敏度斜率及 R^2。
效应效果
在 [Bmim][BF4] 中,Nafion/HRP/GCE 的阴极峰电流经 10 次循环伏安扫描的 RSD 为 1.0%;每 3 天测量一次,5 次测定 RSD 为 4.2%,3 周后仍保持初始阴极峰电流的 84.8%。四个同法制备电极的阴极峰电流 RSD 为 5.4%。Nafion 膜显著增强抗 F− 干扰能力:0–2.0 mmol L−1 NaF 范围内阴极峰电流几乎不下降,而 Agarose/HRP/GCE 在 1.0 mmol L−1 NaF 时电流下降 50%。作者认为 [Bmim][BF4] 因 H2O2 还原电位较正、电子转移可逆性较好,最适合分析应用,并可为非水相 H2O2 生物传感器提供基础。
传感器的构成
- 基底/换能器:玻璃碳电极(GCE),抛光清洗后作为电子传导基底
- 识别/催化元件:辣根过氧化物酶(HRP, EC 1.11.1.7),直接电子转移并电催化还原 H2O2
- 固定/修饰层:全氟磺酸离子交换树脂 Nafion(5 wt%),固定 HRP、促进阳离子交换并排斥 F−
- 电解质介质:[BF4]−型室温离子液体([Emim][BF4]、[Bmim][BF4]、[Hmim][BF4]),非水支持电解质
- 水组分:少量 H2O(v/v 3.0–7.0%),维持 HRP 结构水与电化学活性
- 被测物:过氧化氢(H2O2),被 HRP 电催化还原
中文摘要
本文研究了辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)在 Nafion 膜中于三种 [BF4]− 型室温离子液体([Emim][BF4]、[Bmim][BF4] 和 [Hmim][BF4])中的直接电化学与生物电催化行为,以阐明咪唑鎓阳离子结构效应。结果表明,三种离子液体中少量水的存在对维持 Nafion 膜中 HRP 的电化学活性不可或缺,且最佳含水量随咪唑环上烷基链增长而降低,主要由离子液体亲水性决定。与水性介质相比,离子液体介质有利于 HRP 的直接电子转移;HRP 与玻璃碳电极之间的直接电子转移为表面受限准可逆单电子转移过程。表观异相电子转移速率常数随烷基链增长逐渐降低,但变化幅度较小。H2O2 的电催化还原电流随烷基链增长明显下降,主要归因于 H2O2 在离子液体中的扩散传质。此外,修饰电极具有良好的稳定性和重现性,Nafion 膜显著提高了对高浓度 F− 的耐受能力;若引入合适介体,可构建灵敏的非水相生物传感器。
英文摘要
The direct electrochemistry and bioelectrocatalysis of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in Nafion films at glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was investigated in three [BF(4)](-)-type room-temperature ionic liquids (ILs) to understand the structural effect of imidazolium cations. The three ILs are 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([Emim][BF(4)]), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([Bmim][BF(4)]) and 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([Hmim][BF(4)]). A small amount of water in the three ILs is indispensable for maintaining the electrochemical activity of HRP in Nafion films, and the optimum water contents decrease with the increase of alkyl chain length on imidazole ring. Analysis shows that the optimum water contents are primarily determined by the hydrophilicity of ILs used. In contrast to aqueous medium, ILs media facilitate the direct electron transfer of HRP, and the electrochemical parameters obtained in different ILs are obviously related to the nature of ILs. The direct electron transfer between HRP and GCE is a surface-confined quasi-reversible single electron transfer process. The apparent heterogeneous electron transfer rate constant decreases gradually with the increase of alkyl chain length on imidazole ring, but the changing extent is relatively small. The electrocatalytic reduction current of H(2)O(2) at the present electrode decreases obviously with the increase of alkyl chain length, and the mass transfer of H(2)O(2) via diffusion in ILs should be responsible for the change. In addition, the modified electrode has good stability and reproducibility; the ability to tolerate high levels of F(-) has been greatly enhanced due to the use of Nafion film. When an appropriate mediator is included in the sensing layer, a sensitive nonaqueous biosensor could be fabricated.