电化学生物传感器 2011

Evaluation study of a portable impedance biosensor for detection of avian influenza virus.

Journal of virological methods Wang R, Lin J, Lassiter K, Srinivasan B, Lin L, Lu H, Tung S, Hargis B, Bottje W, Berghman L, Li Y
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组成图示

Evaluation study of a portable impeda... 传感器构成示意图

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传感器类型

电化学生物传感器

检测对象

禽流感病毒(avian influenza virus, AIV,H5N2亚型);样品基质:鸡气管拭子和泄殖腔拭子样本(病毒运输培养基)

检测原理

该传感器为无标记电化学阻抗免疫检测。链霉亲和素磁性纳米珠表面通过生物素-链霉亲和素结合固定抗H5单克隆抗体;样品中AIV H5N2与抗体特异性结合,形成纳米珠-抗体-病毒复合物。外加磁场将复合物从拭子液中分离并浓缩,洗涤后重悬于KPL测量液。复合物注入含叉指阵列微电极的微流控通道,病毒-纳米珠复合物改变电极-溶液界面的双电层/电荷转移阻抗,使阻抗变化随病毒浓度增加而增大。仪器自动记录阻抗变化,以6 kΩ为检测限、8 kΩ为阳性阈值进行判断。磁分离浓缩提高低浓度样本信号。

检测灵敏度

LOD: 1 × 10^2.2 ELD50/ml;信号检测限: 6 kΩ;阳性阈值: 8 kΩ;线性范围: 1 × 10^1.2 ELD50/ml–1 × 10^5.2 ELD50/ml;相关方程: y = 0.49x + 32.87 (R^2 = 0.95)

效应效果

该传感器在59份鸡拭子样本(35份气管、24份泄殖腔)中与rRT-PCR和病毒培养比较。以病毒培养为金标准,气管拭子中阻抗生物传感器灵敏度100%、特异性64%、PPV 81%、NPV 100%;rRT-PCR均为100%。泄殖腔拭子中阻抗生物传感器灵敏度55%、特异性100%、PPV 100%、NPV 72%;rRT-PCR灵敏度81%、特异性69%、PPV 69%、NPV 81%。Dot-ELISA显示抗H5 MAb不与新城疫病毒及H7N2、H9N2、H4N2交叉反应,对H5N2结合最强。检测时间30–60 min,微流控芯片可连续使用至阳性样本出现。作者认为其便携、操作简便,适合现场快速筛查,但不能区分活病毒与死病毒。

传感器的构成

  • 基底/换能器电极:微流控芯片内叉指阵列微电极(interdigitated array microelectrode, IAME),25对电极指(10 μm×250 μm),用于阻抗测量
  • 微流控通道:深度35 μm的流道,用于输送样品和测量液至电极表面
  • 纳米材料层:150 nm链霉亲和素包被磁性微珠(streptavidin-coated magnetic beads),作为可磁分离的捕获载体
  • 识别元件:生物素标记的抗H5单克隆抗体(biotin-labeled anti-H5 MAb),通过链霉亲和素-生物素结合于磁性纳米珠,特异性结合AIV H5
  • 磁分离模块:自研磁铁/磁分离器(magnetic separator),用于保留纳米珠-抗体-病毒复合物并洗涤去除杂质
  • 测量介质:KPL Washing Solution稀释1:200,000的测量液(measuring solution),用于复合物重悬和阻抗测量
  • 信号标记物:无标记阻抗检测;优化实验中使用量子点(QDs)荧光标记目标AIV以验证抗体-抗原结合
  • 信号读出:笔记本电脑与数据采集软件(laptop with data acquisition software),自动记录阻抗变化并判断阳性/阴性

中文摘要

当前禽流感病毒(AIV)检测主要依赖病毒培养和逆转录实时PCR(rRT-PCR),前者耗时长,后者需专业实验室和训练人员,亟需适合现场或床旁使用的快速、稳健、可靠方法。本研究评估一种新开发便携式阻抗生物传感器,并与rRT-PCR和病毒培养比较,用于检测实验感染H5N2 AIV鸡的气管和泄殖腔拭子样本。该传感器结合包被AIV亚型特异性抗体的磁性纳米珠,用于捕获、分离和浓缩目标病毒,以及带叉指阵列微电极的微流控芯片,用于转移和检测目标病毒,并在缓冲液中测量生物纳米珠-病毒复合物的阻抗。对59份拭子样本的比较显示,阻抗生物传感器在灵敏度和特异性方面与rRT-PCR相当,检测时间少于1 h。

英文摘要

Current methods for detection of avian influenza virus (AIV) based on virus culture and RT-PCR are well established, but they are either time consuming or require specialized laboratory facilities and highly trained technicians. A simple, rapid, robust, and reliable test, suitable for use in the field or at the patient's bedside, is urgently needed. In this study, the performance of a newly developed portable impedance biosensor was evaluated by comparison with real-time reverse transcriptase PCR (rRT-PCR) and virus culture for detection of AIV in tracheal and cloacal swab samples collected from experimentally H5N2 AIV infected chickens. The impedance biosensor system was based on a combination of magnetic nanobeads, which were coated with AIV subtype-specific antibody for capture (separation and concentration) of a target virus, and a microfluidic chip with an interdigitated array microelectrode for transfer and detection of target virus, and impedance measurement of the bio-nanobeads and AI virus complexes in a buffer solution. A comparison of results obtained from 59 swab samples using virus culture, impedance biosensor and rRT-PCR methods showed that the impedance biosensor technique was comparable in sensitivity and specificity to rRT-PCR. Detection time for the impedance biosensor is less than 1h.