传感器类型
电化学生物传感器
检测对象
乙醇(Ethanol, EtOH);样品基质:啤酒样品(稀释后)及磷酸盐缓冲液标准溶液
检测原理
乙醇在固定化ADH催化下被NAD+氧化为乙醛,同时生成NADH;TBO作为共价固定于CA膜上的氧化还原介体,将NADH氧化为NAD+,自身被还原为TBOred,随后TBOred在玻碳电极表面发生电化学氧化并释放电子,产生与乙醇浓度成正比的阳极伏安电流。CA膜通过共价结合TBO提高介体稳定性,BSA/戊二醛交联和Nafion封膜固定酶/辅酶并减少小分子泄漏。NAD+/NADH循环实现辅酶再生,使信号随乙醇浓度增加而增强。
检测灵敏度
LOD: 5.0 × 10−6 M;线性范围: 1 × 10−5 M–4 × 10−4 M;R^2 = 0.9968;灵敏度斜率: 0.41 µA/mM
效应效果
传感器对乙醇选择性最佳,甲醇、正丁醇、异丙醇响应分别约为乙醇的40%、33%和3%,支链醇因空间位阻响应显著降低。操作稳定性测试中,连续使用8 h;原文报告首小时电流下降约50%、4 h约43%;4 ℃储存20 d后保留约50%初始活性。重现性RSD为3.2%(8次),重复性RSD为4.3%(6次)。在啤酒样品中采用标准加入法测得淡啤3.0±0.1 vol%、黑啤6.1±0.3 vol%、普通啤酒5.0±0.3 vol%,与标称值一致。作者认为其线性范围更宽、灵敏度优于部分含过氧化氢酶/醇氧化酶的乙醇传感器,适用于食品与发酵过程乙醇检测。
传感器的构成
- 基底/换能器:玻碳电极(GCE),提供电子转导与伏安信号读出
- 修饰基质:醋酸纤维素(CA)膜,经1,1'-羰基二咪唑(CDI)活化后与TBO共价结合,形成固定介体的膜基质
- 信号介体:甲苯胺蓝O(TBO),共价连接于CA膜,催化NADH氧化并传递电子
- 识别元件:乙醇脱氢酶(ADH),催化乙醇氧化为乙醛并生成NADH
- 辅酶/电子供体:NADH,作为ADH反应辅酶并参与TBO/NADH氧化还原循环
- 交联/封闭层:戊二醛/牛血清白蛋白(BSA),交联固定酶/辅酶并封闭非特异位点
- 外层封膜:Nafion,防止小分子泄漏并提高稳定性
中文摘要
本研究构建了一种基于乙醇脱氢酶(ADH)的新型伏安法乙醇生物传感器。首先,将ADH固定化于经醋酸纤维素(CA)修饰并与甲苯胺蓝O(TBO)共价结合的玻碳电极表面;随后采用戊二醛/牛血清白蛋白(BSA)交联处理电极表面,以获得用于乙醇检测的新型伏安传感器。在传感器制备过程中,通过CA与TBO共价连接形成含不溶性TBO的新型电极基质,并将酶/辅酶共同负载于传感器表面。作者考察了多种实验条件对传感器性能的影响,以优化其分析性能。所制备传感器对乙醇具有灵敏、选择性检测能力,在1×10⁻⁵ M至4×10⁻⁴ M范围内呈线性响应;以三倍信噪比计算的检出限为5.0×10⁻⁶ M。第20天传感器仍保留约50%初始活性。
英文摘要
In this work, a novel voltammetric ethanol biosensor was constructed using alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH). Firstly, alcohol dehydrogenase was immobilized on the surface of a glassy carbon electrode modified by cellulose acetate (CA) bonded to toluidine blue O (TBO). Secondly, the surface was covered by a glutaraldehyde/bovine serum albumin (BSA) cross-linking procedure to provide a new voltammetric sensor for the ethanol determination. In order to fabricate the biosensor, a new electrode matrix containing insoluble Toluidine Blue O (TBO) was obtained from the process, and enzyme/coenzyme was combined on the biosensor surface. The influence of various experimental conditions was examined for the characterization of the optimum analytical performance. The developed biosensor exhibited sensitive and selective determination of ethanol and showed a linear response between 1 × 10(-5) M and 4 × 10(-4) M ethanol. A detection limit calculated as three times the signal-to-noise ratio was 5.0 × 10(-6) M. At the end of the 20(th) day, the biosensor still retained 50% of its initial activity.