传感器类型
其他(压电微悬臂梁生物传感器)
检测对象
2,4-二硝基甲苯(2,4-dinitrotoluene, DNT),样品基质:气相/空气(DNT气体,N2载气)
检测原理
DNT气体分子与固定在微悬臂梁表面的特异性肽SP发生选择性结合,使悬臂梁表面质量、界面应力或力学状态发生变化,导致其共振频率偏移。微悬臂梁由SiNx/Ta/Pt/PZT/Pt/SiO2压电多层膜构成,PZT薄膜将机械振动转换为电荷,上下Pt电极经电荷放大器和ADC读取共振频率。NSP表面和裸悬臂梁同时监测温度、湿度、气流密度和机械振动引起的非特异漂移;SP与NSP的差分信号可消除热噪声、振动噪声和湿度效应,保留真实结合信息。DNT浓度越高,结合量越大,共振频率偏移越大,文中160 ppb DNT对应7.5 Hz差分共振响应。
检测灵敏度
共振响应: 7.5 Hz 对应 160 ppb DNT;温度系数: +5 Hz/°C
效应效果
该芯片可同时监测四个功能化表面,实现多目标检测。DNT特异性肽SP表面频率明显下降,NSP、SAM和裸悬臂梁变化较小;NSP作为负对照提供温度波动和气流振动信息。SP与NSP差分信号可消除热噪声、振动噪声和湿度效应。N2吹扫50 sccm时出现约70 Hz正移,200 min后稳定,5 h后测量;温度系数+5 Hz/°C。选择性方面,前文报道toluene 200 ppm和nitro-toluene 200 ppm响应约3 Hz,DNT约12 Hz。100 sccm下2.5 min快速下降、2.5 min饱和、后5 min略升;50 sccm下10 min持续下降。作者认为该平台可作电子鼻通用多目标检测工具。
传感器的构成
- 基底/换能器:SiNx/Ta/Pt/PZT/Pt/SiO2 多层压电微悬臂梁,总厚 2.18 μm,实现自驱动与自传感。
- 底部金属层:10/50 nm Cr/Au 层,作为 SAM 自组装基底和电极接触。
- 自组装单分子层:羟基终止三乙二醇烷硫醇(C11)与羧基终止五乙二醇烷硫醇(C11) 90:10 SAM,形成抗非特异表面。
- 化学连接层:氨基乙基马来酰亚胺(AEM)和 EDC 处理,生成马来酰亚胺基团用于肽共价固定。
- 识别元件:DNT 特异性肽 SP(HPNFSKYILHQRC)或 DNT 非特异性肽 NSP(TSMLLMSPKHQAC),末端半胱氨酸经 Michael 加成固定。
- 对照表面:SAM 表面和无 Au 裸悬臂梁,用于监测环境漂移、气流振动和非特异吸附。
- 微反应腔:PEEK 反应腔与 70 μL 微孔,用于分室注入不同功能化溶液。
- 读出电极:顶部 Pt 电极 T1–T3、底部 Pt 电极 B 与参考电极 R,经电荷放大器/ADC/DAC/DSP 读取共振频率。
中文摘要
悬臂梁多目标检测对生物传感器、化学传感器和电子鼻系统至关重要。本文报道了一种新型微悬臂梁阵列芯片,芯片内集成四个微反应腔,从而可在同一芯片上制备四种不同功能化表面,用于多目标检测。以2,4-二硝基甲苯(DNT)为模型目标,作者利用已知高选择性结合的肽受体,在四个表面分别固定DNT特异性肽(HPNFSKYILHQRC,SP)、DNT非特异性肽(TSMLLMSPKHQAC,NSP)、自组装单分子层(SAM)以及裸悬臂梁。通入DNT气体后,可同时监测四个表面的结合信号。NSP信号作为负对照,提供温度波动和气流机械振动信息。通过SP与NSP的差分信号,获得7.5 Hz共振响应,对应160 ppb DNT浓度,从而在消除热噪声、振动噪声和肽表面湿度效应后得到真实结合响应。
英文摘要
Multiple target detection using a cantilever is essential for biosensor, chemical sensor, and electronic nose systems. We report a novel microcantilever array chip that includes four microreaction chambers in a chip, which consequently contains four different functionalized surfaces for multitarget detection. For model tests, we designed microcantilever chips and demonstrated the ability of binding of 2,4-dinitrotoluene (DNT) targets onto four different surfaces. We used peptide receptors that are known to have highly selective binding. By simply using four microreaction chambers, we immobilized DNT specific peptide (HPNFSKYILHQRC; SP), DNT nonspecific peptide (TSMLLMSPKHQAC; NSP), and self-assembled monolayer (SAM) as well as a bare cantilever. After flowing DNT gases through the cantilever chip, we could monitor the four different binding signals simultaneously. The shifts in NSP provided information as a negative control because it contained information of temperature fluctuations and mechanical vibration from gas flow. By utilizing the differential signal of the SP and NSP, we acquired 7.5 Hz in resonant responses that corresponds with 160 part per billion (ppb) DNT concentration, showing the exact binding response by eliminating the inevitable thermal noise, vibration noise, as well as humidity effects on the peptide surface.