传感器类型
表面等离子共振(SPR)生物传感器
检测对象
白介素-7(IL-7,interleukin-7),重组蛋白溶液/SPR 缓冲液基质(10 mM HEPES、150 mM NaCl、3 mM EDTA、0.005% Tween 20,pH 7.4;盐/pH 实验改变 NaCl 或缓冲体系)
检测原理
IL-7RR ECD 通过氨基或巯基化学偶联固定在 CM5 SPR 芯片表面。当重组 IL-7 随流动相注入时,与固定受体发生识别并结合,形成先遭遇复合物后最终复合物的两步结合路径。结合事件增加芯片表面质量并改变局部折射率,使表面等离子共振条件发生偏移,Biacore 3000 以响应单位(RU)随时间记录结合/解离曲线。经双参考扣除缓冲液后,用两步模型拟合得到 k1、k-1、k2、k-2 和表观 Kd。NaCl 升高会屏蔽长程静电,主要降低 k1,使亲和力下降;pH 改变结合界面组氨酸(H787 和 H337R)质子化状态,影响 k1;温度改变结合与解离速率,用于 van't Hoff 和 Eyring 热力学分析。该体系无外源标记或酶放大,信号直接来自蛋白结合质量变化。
检测灵敏度
未报告 LOD、线性范围或灵敏度斜率;相关系数:NaCl 依赖 R2 = 0.98(非糖基化)、R2 = 0.97(糖基化);Debye–Hückel 拟合 R2 = 0.11(非糖基化)、R2 = 0.98(糖基化);pH 依赖 R2 = 0.96(非糖基化)、R2 = 0.71(糖基化)。
效应效果
SPR 对照实验表明质量传输可忽略,未衍生化流动池无非特异性结合;结合常数由至少三次独立实验全局拟合获得。150 mM NaCl、pH 7.4、298 K 下,糖基化 IL-7RR 的 Kd 为 109 ± 15 nM,非糖基化为 27.1 ± 13 μM,k1 快约 6900 倍。非糖基化体系在 NaCl 高于 300 mM 时结合过弱,糖基化体系可在 50–1000 mM NaCl 获得常数。与 IL-4-IL-4RR 相比,IL-7-IL-7RR 静电贡献更强(-U/RT 为 8.1 ± 0.7,IL-4 为 5.7 ± 0.8)。作者认为该 SPR 研究揭示了 N-糖基化通过熵和长程静电变构增强 IL-7 结合的机制。
传感器的构成
- 基底/换能器:CM5 SPR 芯片(CM5 sensor chip),提供表面等离子共振换能表面
- 化学修饰层:氨基或巯基偶联化学(amine/thiol coupling chemistry),用于固定 IL-7RR ECD
- 识别元件:重组人 IL-7RR 胞外域(IL-7RR ECD),糖基化(CHO)或非糖基化(E. coli)形式,识别并结合 IL-7
- 流动相缓冲液:10 mM HEPES、150 mM NaCl、3 mM EDTA、0.005% Tween 20(pH 7.4;盐/pH 实验改变 NaCl 或缓冲体系),维持结合环境
- 再生剂:4 M MgCl2,用于洗脱 IL-7-IL-7RR 复合物并再生芯片表面
- 分析物:重组人白介素-7(IL-7),以 2 倍系列稀释注入
中文摘要
白介素-7(IL-7)与其α受体 IL-7RR 的相互作用对 B 细胞和 T 细胞的发育、存活及稳态至关重要。人 IL-7RR 的 N-糖基化通过变构机制使其对人 IL-7 的结合亲和力较非糖基化受体提高约 300 倍,而 IL-7RR 的 N-糖链并不直接参与结合界面。本研究采用表面等离子共振(SPR)光谱,系统解析 IL-7 与非糖基化及糖基化 IL-7RR 胞外域(ECD)结合性质随盐浓度、pH 和温度的变化。结果显示,两种相互作用在盐浓度升高时亲和力均减弱,主要体现为两步反应路径中第一步结合速率下降;其静电贡献并非来自结合界面互补电荷或 N-糖组成,而可能源于两种蛋白整体电荷的有利分布。van't Hoff 分析表明,两种结合均由较大的有利熵变驱动,并伴随较小的不利(非糖基化复合物)或有利(糖基化复合物)焓变。Eyring 分析揭示非糖基化与糖基化体系具有不同的反应路径和过渡态热力学,且未检测到可分辨的热容变化。结果提示,未结合的非糖基化 IL-7RR 具有更广泛的构象采样,从而将结合从约 10^2 M^-1 s^-1 的构象控制过程转变为约 10^6 M^-1 s^-1 的扩散控制过程。
英文摘要
The interaction between interleukin-7 (IL-7) and its α-receptor, IL-7Rα, plays fundamental roles in the development, survival, and homeostasis of B- and T-cells. N-Linked glycosylation of human IL-7Rα enhances its binding affinity for human IL-7 300-fold versus that of the nonglycosylated receptor through an allosteric mechanism. The N-glycans of IL-7Rα do not participate directly in the binding interface with IL-7. This biophysical study involves dissection of the properties of binding of IL-7 to both nonglycosylated and glycosylated forms of the IL-7Rα extracellular domain (ECD) as functions of salt, pH, and temperature using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectroscopy. Interactions of IL-7 with both IL-7Rα variants display weaker binding affinities with increasing salt concentrations primarily reflected by changes in the first on rates of a two-step reaction pathway. The electrostatic parameter of the IL-7-IL-7Rα interaction is not driven by complementary charge interactions through residues at the binding interface or N-glycan composition of IL-7Rα, but presumably by favorable global charges of the two proteins. van't Hoff analysis indicates both IL-7-IL-7Rα interactions are driven by large favorable entropy changes and smaller unfavorable (nonglycosylated complex) and favorable (glycosylated complex) enthalpy changes. Eyring analysis of the IL-7-IL-7Rα interactions reveals different reaction pathways and barriers for the transition-state thermodynamics with the enthalpy and entropy changes of IL-7 binding to nonglycosylated and glycosylated IL-7Rα. There were no discernible heat capacity changes for the equilibrium or transition-state binding thermodynamics of the IL-7-IL-7Rα interactions. The results suggest that the unbound nonglycosylated IL-7Rα samples an extensive conformational landscape relative to the unbound glycosylated IL-7Rα, potentially explaining the switch from a "conformationally controlled" reaction (k(1) ∼ 10(2) M(-1) s(-1)) for the nonglycosylated interaction to a "diffusion-controlled" reaction (k(1) ∼ 10(6) M(-1) s(-1)) for the glycosylated interaction. Thus, a large favorable entropy change, a global favorable electrostatic component, and glycosylation of the receptor, albeit not at the interface, contribute significantly to the interaction between IL-7 and the IL-7Rα ECD.