传感器类型
电化学生物传感器
检测对象
过氧化氢(hydrogen peroxide, H2O2);样品基质:0.1 M 磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS,pH 7.0)
检测原理
血红蛋白(Hb)嵌入预剥离α-磷酸锆(α-ZrP)层间,保留血红素活性。α-ZrP片层重新组装形成层间纳米孔道,限制蛋白构象并提高热稳定性,同时提供电子转移通道。Hb血红素Fe(III)/Fe(II)与玻璃碳电极(GCE)发生直接电子转移,循环伏安图出现氧化还原峰。加入过氧化氢(H2O2)后,Hb以过氧化物酶样活性催化H2O2还原,Hb被H2O2氧化后迅速从电极再还原,形成催化电流。还原峰电流随H2O2浓度增加而增大,线性范围0.2–10.8 μM,高浓度呈Michaelis–Menten饱和。反应为表面控制、单质子耦合单电子转移。
检测灵敏度
LOD: 0.07 μM (n = 12, R = 0.994);线性范围: 0.2–10.8 μM;相关系数: R = 0.994;RSD: 3.62%(1 μM,n=6);Kapp_m: 123 μM
效应效果
该传感器在1 μM H2O2下连续6次测定RSD为3.62%,重现性良好。电极在4 °C PBS中浸泡20 h无明显变化,2周内保持95%初始H2O2响应,稳定性较好。Hb嵌入α-ZrP后热稳定性显著提高,85 °C处理后仍保持生物活性,峰电流在85 °C达到最大,高于自由Hb约73 °C变性温度。直接电子转移速率常数ks为1.85±0.51 s−1,大于先前报道;表观Michaelis–Menten常数Kapp_m为123 μM,小于先前报道,表明对H2O2亲和力和催化活性更高。作者认为α-ZrP层间嵌入为血红素蛋白直接电子转移和生物传感器构建提供了新平台。
传感器的构成
- 基底电极:玻璃碳电极(GCE),抛光后作为工作电极与电子传导基底
- 纳米材料修饰层:预剥离α-磷酸锆(e-α-ZrP)片层,与Hb复合后沉积于GCE表面,提供层间嵌入微环境并促进电子转移
- 识别/催化元件:血红蛋白(Hb),嵌入e-α-ZrP层间,保留血红素活性并催化H2O2还原
- 复合膜:Hb/α-ZrP复合膜,由Hb与e-α-ZrP混合平衡24 h后离心收集并滴涂干燥形成
- 信号换能:Hb血红素Fe(III)/Fe(II)直接电子转移,产生循环伏安/安培电流
- 检测体系:三电极体系,铂丝辅助电极与饱和甘汞电极参比,在0.1 M PBS(pH 7.0)中读取电流
中文摘要
血红蛋白(Hb)与预剥离层状α-磷酸锆(α-ZrP)片层反应。小角度X射线衍射(XRD)图谱显示,加入Hb分子后,剥离的α-ZrP片层重新组装,蛋白质嵌入层间。紫外-可见(UV–Vis)和傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)光谱分析表明,嵌入蛋白未发生显著变性。通过测试Hb/α-ZrP复合材料的电化学性质研究了Hb的生物活性。结果表明,Hb嵌入层状材料不仅提高了Hb的热稳定性,还增强了蛋白分子与电极之间的直接电子转移能力。蛋白在高达85 °C处理后仍显示生物活性。在Hb/α-ZrP复合修饰电极的循环伏安图(CVs)上,约–0.37和–0.32 V处观察到一对清晰定义的氧化还原峰,电极反应表现为表面控制过程并伴随单质子转移。由Hb/α-ZrP复合材料构建的生物传感器对过氧化氢(H2O2)的还原表现出优异响应,并具有良好的重现性。
英文摘要
A heme protein hemoglobin (Hb) was reacted with preexfoliated layered alpha-zirconium phosphate (alpha-ZrP) platelets. An X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of small range showed that the exfoliated alpha-ZrP platelets reassembled after the addition of Hb molecules, with the protein intercalated between the layers. UV-Vis and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra analysis displayed that no significant denaturation occurred to the intercalated protein. The bioactivity of Hb was also investigated by testing the electrochemical properties of the Hb/alpha-ZrP composite. Results showed that the intercalation of Hb into the layered material not only improved the thermal stability of Hb but also enhanced the direct electron transfer ability between protein molecules and electrode. The protein still showed bioactivity after treatment at a temperature as high as 85 degrees C. A pair of well-defined redox peaks at approximately -0.37 and -0.32V was observed on the cyclic voltammograms (CVs) of the Hb/alpha-ZrP composite modified electrode, and the electrode reactions showed a surface-controlled process with a single proton transfer. The resultant biosensor constructed by the Hb/alpha-ZrP composite displayed an excellent response to the reduction of hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) with good reproducibility.