传感器类型
综述或非传感器论文
检测对象
叶酸结合蛋白(FBP, folate-binding protein,牛奶/乳品);叶酸(folate,血清/血浆/食品/乳品)
检测原理
本文综述的SPR检测以固定化相互作用分子为识别元件,牛奶或乳品样品中的FBP被注入传感芯片表面。FBP与固定化配体结合后,界面质量增加,引起表面等离子共振响应(RU)变化;响应水平与表面结合质量成正比,因此可反映样品中FBP浓度。通过监测结合与解离阶段,可获得结合速率常数ka、解离速率常数kd和平衡解离常数KD。Nygren法通过前处理去除内源叶酸,可区分apo-FBP与holo-FBP;Indyk法无前处理,主要检测apo-FBP。对于叶酸分析,竞争性蛋白结合法利用样品叶酸与标记叶酸竞争FBP有限结合位点,未结合叶酸被活性炭吸附,上清放射性反映叶酸浓度;FBP亲和色谱则利用FBP对叶酸的高选择性结合实现净化浓缩。
检测灵敏度
原文未报告明确LOD、线性范围、灵敏度斜率或R^2。
效应效果
SPR法可实时无标记监测FBP结合,并区分总FBP与apo-FBP。Nygren法测得牛奶总FBP平均5.8 µg/mL(2.9–11.1 µg/mL,n=66),apo-FBP平均2.9 µg/mL(1.1–5.6 µg/mL);Indyk法测得apo-FBP为4.6–8.0 µg/mL(平均6.7 µg/mL,n=29)。ELISA法参考样CV%一般低于15%,加标回收率80–110%。SPR动力学显示叶酸与FBP的KD为20±9 pM。UHT乳和酸奶中FBP痕量,巴氏乳保留大部分。作者认为FBP可富集和稳定乳中叶酸,但成人中牛FBP增强叶酸生物利用度的作用未获证实。
传感器的构成
- 基底/换能器:SPR金膜传感芯片(Biacore),用于无标记实时监测表面质量变化。
- 识别元件:固定化相互作用分子(原文未明确具体配体),用于捕获样品中FBP。
- 样品/被测物:牛奶或乳品中的FBP(apo-FBP或总FBP)。
- 预处理:Nygren法样品前处理(去除内源叶酸),用于区分apo-FBP与holo-FBP。
- 信号读出:SPR响应(RU),与表面结合质量成正比,可反映FBP浓度和结合动力学。
中文摘要
叶酸结合蛋白(FBP)约40年前在牛乳中被发现。牛源FBP属于多种叶酸结合蛋白家族,在乳中为可溶性乳清蛋白,能从血浆中富集叶酸。牛FBP的氨基酸序列和结合特性已得到充分表征。由于亲和力和结合动力学对将牛FBP用作分析工具至关重要,其与不同叶酸形式的相互作用被深入研究。牛FBP鉴定后不久,竞争性蛋白结合法被引入用于测定血清和血液叶酸浓度。另一分析应用是亲和色谱,作为液相色谱法分析食品和生物样品中叶酸的净化/浓缩步骤。乳及乳制品中FBP浓度已用ELISA和表面等离子共振(SPR)生物传感器技术测定。自牛乳FBP首次报道以来,其生理作用一直受到讨论,尤其关注其对乳及乳制品中叶酸吸收的影响。本综述总结乳中FBP在生物化学、分析、食品科学和营养方面的最新进展。
英文摘要
Folate-binding protein (FBP) was discovered in cow's milk around 40 years ago. Bovine FBP belongs to a family of several folate-binding proteins. In milk, it is a soluble whey protein with the ability to sequester folate from blood plasma. Bovine FBP is a well-characterized protein in terms of amino acid sequence and binding characteristics. Affinity and binding kinetics towards various folate forms have been intensively studied because they are crucial in using bovine FBP as an analytical tool. Shortly after the identification of bovine FBP, a competitive protein-binding assay for measuring serum and blood folate concentrations was introduced. Another analytical application of bovine FBP is in affinity chromatography, as a clean-up/concentration step for analysis of folates in foods and biological samples by liquid chromatographic methods. Concentrations of FBP in milk and dairy products have been determined by ELISA and Surface Plasmon Resonance-biosensor techniques. Since the initial reports of FBP in cow's milk, its physiological role has been discussed, especially regarding its effects on folate absorption from milk and dairy products. This review summarizes recent biochemical, analytical, food science, and nutritional advances regarding folate-binding protein in milk.