电化学生物传感器 2009

Electrically active polyaniline coated magnetic (EAPM) nanoparticle as novel transducer in biosensor for detection of Bacillus anthracis spores in food samples.

Biosensors & bioelectronics Pal S, Alocilja EC
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组成图示

Electrically active polyaniline coate... 传感器构成示意图

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传感器类型

电化学生物传感器

检测对象

炭疽杆菌芽孢(Bacillus anthracis spores / B. anthracis endospores);样品基质:生菜(romaine lettuce)、碎牛肉(ground beef)、全脂牛奶(whole milk)等食品样品

检测原理

检测采用免疫磁浓缩与直接电荷转移相结合。先将小鼠单克隆抗炭疽IgG物理吸附于EAPM纳米粒子,形成免疫-EAPM;加入食品样品后,免疫-EAPM通过抗体识别结合炭疽杆菌芽孢,经磁分离和洗涤实现芽孢富集。随后样品经毛细流动进入捕获垫,固定于硝酸纤维素膜上的山羊抗炭疽IgG捕获芽孢,形成捕获抗体—芽孢—检测抗体—EAPM夹心复合物。EAPM由γ-Fe2O3核和酸掺杂聚苯胺PANI壳组成,PANI提供导电通路,γ-Fe2O3提供磁性操控。夹心复合物中的导电EAPM在银电极间形成电压控制“ON”开关,使电极间电阻下降;芽孢浓度越高,结合并迁移至电极区的EAPM越多,电阻降低越明显,最终由手持万用表记录电阻信号。

检测灵敏度

LOD: 4.2 × 10^2 spores/ml(生菜、碎牛肉);LOD: 4.2 × 10^3 spores/ml(全脂牛奶)

效应效果

总检测时间约16 min,含10 min磁浓缩和6 min电阻检测。对照电阻约288±50–353±51 kΩ,加标样品降至75.1±14–132.6±19 kΩ。特异性上,大肠杆菌(1.7×10^1–1.7×10^5 CFU/ml)和肠炎沙门氏菌(1.6×10^1–1.6×10^5 CFU/ml)与对照无显著差异(P=0.278–0.887、0.348–0.981),炭疽芽孢10^2–10^5 spores/ml显著(P=0.009–0.0009)。免疫-EAPM对生菜、碎牛肉最高捕获比为0.97、0.72,全脂牛奶0.06–0.11;作者认为其优于仅达10^4 CFU/ml的商业免疫磁珠,可作快速定性检测设备。

传感器的构成

  • 基底/换能器电极:硝酸纤维素捕获垫(nitrocellulose capture pad)两侧制备银电极(Ag electrodes),电极间隙0.5 mm,用于电阻信号读出
  • 膜垫层:样品应用垫、捕获垫和吸收垫(cellulose membrane pads),实现样品毛细流动与传输
  • 活化层:0.5%戊二醛(glutaraldehyde, GA)处理捕获垫,用于共价固定捕获抗体
  • 捕获识别元件:多克隆山羊抗炭疽IgG(polyclonal goat anti-B. anthracis IgG)固定于捕获垫,捕获芽孢抗原
  • 封闭剂:100 mM Tris-HCl(pH 7.6)+0.1% Tween 20封闭捕获垫;免疫-EAPM洗涤用100 mM Tris-HCl+0.1% casein
  • 纳米材料/信号标记:EAPM纳米粒子(γ-Fe2O3核+酸掺杂聚苯胺PANI壳,约100 nm),兼具磁浓缩与导电电荷转移功能
  • 检测识别元件:小鼠单克隆抗炭疽IgG(mouse monoclonal anti-B. anthracis IgG, clone 2C3)物理吸附于EAPM,形成免疫-EAPM
  • 读出装置:手持万用表(handheld multimeter)记录银电极间电阻变化

中文摘要

本研究开发了一种基于电活性聚苯胺包覆磁性(EAPM)纳米粒子的生物传感器,用于检测受污染食品样品中的炭疽杆菌芽孢。EAPM纳米粒子以γ-氧化铁为核,表面化学聚合酸掺杂聚苯胺,直径约100 nm,兼具磁性与导电性。通过超导量子干涉仪、四探针电导测试和透射电镜对其磁、电及结构特性进行表征,室温磁滞回线显示饱和磁化强度为44.1 emu/g。将EAPM纳米粒子与抗炭疽抗体结合后,用作免疫磁浓缩载体,从生菜、碎牛肉和全脂牛奶中富集炭疽杆菌芽孢,并直接用于直接电荷转移生物传感器。检测机制依赖捕获芽孢在传感器表面的毛细流动以及跨EAPM纳米粒子的直接电荷转移。结果表明,该传感器可从食品样品中检测低至4.2×10^2 spores/ml的炭疽杆菌芽孢,总检测时间约16 min,具有快速、可靠的特点。

英文摘要

Electrically active polyaniline coated magnetic (EAPM) nanoparticle-based biosensor has been developed for the detection of Bacillus anthracis endospores in contaminated food samples. The 100 nm-diameter EAPM nanoparticles are synthesized from aniline monomer (made electrically active by acid doping) coating the surface of gamma iron oxide cores. The magnetic, electrical, and structural characteristics of the synthesized EAPM nanoparticles have been studied using superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID), four-point probe, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Room temperature hysteresis of the synthesized nanoparticles shows a saturation magnetization value of 44.1 emu/g. The EAPM nanoparticles are biologically modified to act as an immunomagnetic concentrator of B. anthracis spores from lettuce, ground beef and whole milk samples and are directly applied to a direct-charge transfer biosensor. The detection mechanism of the biosensor depends on the capillary flow of the captured spores on the biosensor surface along with direct-charge transfer across the EAPM nanoparticles. Experimental results indicate that the biosensor is able to detect B. anthracis spores at concentrations as low as 4.2 x 10(2)spores/ml from the samples. The EAPM-based biosensor detection system is fast and reliable with a total detection time of 16 min.

关键词

生物传感器炭疽杆菌芽孢聚苯胺磁性纳米粒子直接电荷转移免疫磁浓缩食品检测