组成图示
示意图生成中
传感器类型
电化学生物传感器
检测对象
葡萄糖(glucose)、乙醇(ethanol)、甲醇(methanol)、乳酸(lactic acid);样品基质为甜雪莉酒/甜葡萄酒和红酒。
检测原理
被测物葡萄糖或乙醇扩散进入石墨–特氟龙复合电极基体后,分别与包埋的葡萄糖氧化酶(GOD)或乙醇氧化酶(AOD)发生酶促氧化,生成葡萄糖酸内酯/乙醛并产生过氧化氢(H2O2)。H2O2在辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)催化下氧化包埋的二茂铁(ferrocene),生成二茂铁正离子(ferricinium)。在0.00 V施加电位下,ferricinium在电极表面被还原,形成稳态安培电流。由于H2O2生成量与底物浓度成正比,电流随葡萄糖或乙醇浓度增加而增大。多分析物检测时,HPLC先分离各组分,或采用两个不同识别酶电极平行配置,使不同底物分别产生独立电流信号。
检测灵敏度
批量三酶电极(Eapp = 0.00 V):葡萄糖线性范围 (0.1–9.0) × 10−4 mol l−1,r = 0.9986,斜率 (6.01 ± 0.05) × 10^2 μA mol−1 l;乙醇线性范围 (0.2–20) × 10−4 mol l−1,r = 0.9984,斜率 (6.1 ± 0.1) × 10^2 μA mol−1 l。HPLC(0.5 ml min−1):葡萄糖线性范围 (1.0–32) × 10−4 mol l−1,r = 0.9984,斜率 (174 ± 5) × 10^3 μA min mol l−1,LOD 4.0 × 10−5 mol l−1;甲醇线性范围 (0.5–8.0) × 10−4 mol l−1,r = 0.9984,斜率 (750 ± 30) × 10^3 μA min mol l−1,LOD 4.0 × 10−5 mol l−1;乙醇线性范围 (1.0–32) × 10−4 mol l−1,r = 0.9995,斜率 (392 ± 6) × 10^3 μA min mol l−1,LOD 5.0 × 10−5 mol l−1。HPLC(1.0 ml min−1):葡萄糖线性范围 (1.0–32) × 10−4 mol l−1,r = 0.9985,斜率 (117 ± 6) × 10^3 μA min mol l−1,LOD 7.0 × 10−5 mol l−1;乙醇线性范围 (2.0–128) × 10−4 mol l−1,r = 0.9987,斜率 (131 ± 3) × 10^3 μA min mol l−1,LOD 7.0 × 10−5 mol l−1。
效应效果
三酶电极对葡萄糖和乙醇的稳态电流与相应双酶电极相近,工作日内稳定,寿命约15天(受AOD限制),测醇前需每日抛光。HPLC五次进样RSD:葡萄糖峰高1.0%、峰面积1.1%;甲醇1.3%、2.6%;乙醇0.8%、3.8%。甜雪莉酒中葡萄糖85±3 g/L、乙醇120±8 g/L,与商品酶法试剂盒(88±5、120±8 g/L)无显著差异。平行双电极法测甜酒葡萄糖88±5/87±5 g/L、乙醇120±8/121±9 g/L;红酒葡萄糖0.13±0.06/0.12±0.05 g/L、乳酸0.9±0.8/1.1±0.4 g/L,均与参考法一致。作者认为其适合HPLC多分析物检测和无需色谱分离的阵列检测。
传感器的构成
- 基底/换能器电极:石墨粉(graphite, ultra-F purity)与聚四氟乙烯粉(Teflon)混合压制成刚性复合电极,提供导电与机械支撑
- 识别元件:葡萄糖氧化酶(GOD)与乙醇氧化酶(AOD)物理包埋于石墨–特氟龙基体,分别催化葡萄糖和乙醇氧化生成过氧化氢
- 信号转换酶:辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)包埋于基体,催化过氧化氢氧化二茂铁
- 电子介导剂:二茂铁(ferrocene)包埋于基体,在0.00 V发生可逆氧化还原并产生安培电流
- 工作缓冲介质:0.05 mol/L磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS, pH 7.4)用于电极制备混合及批量/流动注射背景液,维持酶活性
中文摘要
本文讨论复合生物传感器在多分析物检测中的应用。石墨–特氟龙刚性复合生物传感器可将多种酶通过简单物理包埋方式共同固定于电极基体内部,无需共价键合。作者构建了新型三酶石墨–特氟龙–葡萄糖氧化酶(GOD)–乙醇氧化酶(AOD)–辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)–二茂铁双传感器,其对葡萄糖和乙醇产生的稳态安培电流与分别由石墨–特氟龙–GOD–HRP–二茂铁和石墨–特氟龙–AOD–HRP–二茂铁电极在相同浓度下获得的电流相近。通过高效液相色谱(HPLC)分离后,在甜葡萄酒样品中同时测定葡萄糖和乙醇,评价了该三酶生物传感器的多分析物检测性能。同时,文章讨论了将两个复合生物传感器以平行配置连接多通道检测器,无需色谱分离即可同时检测不同分析物,并用于甜葡萄酒中葡萄糖和乙醇、红酒中葡萄糖和乳酸的同时分析。
英文摘要
The use of composite biosensors for multianalyte detection strategies is discussed. Graphite-Teflon rigid composite biosensors offer the possibility of coimmobilization of several enzymes by simple physical inclusion in the bulk of the electrode matrix with no covalent linkages. A novel trienzyme graphite-Teflon-glucose oxidase (GOD)-alcohol oxidase (AOD)-peroxidase (HRP)-ferrocene bisosensor yielded amperometric steady-state currents similar to those obtained with graphite-Teflon-GOD-HRP-ferrocene and graphite-Teflon-AOD-HRP-ferrocene electrodes for the same concentration of glucose and ethanol, respectively. The performance of the trienzyme biosensor for multianalyte detection was evaluated with the simultaneous determination of glucose and ethanol after separation by HPLC, in samples of sweet wine. The simultaneous analysis of several analytes in the same sample should imply that, with an adequate dilution, the concentration levels of the analytes can be included within the ranges of linearity of the corresponding calibration plots. The use of two composite biosensors in a parallel configuration, so that different analytes can be simultaneously detected with no need of chromatographic separation, is also discussed. The usefulness of this approach was evaluated by the simultaneous analysis of glucose and ethanol in sweet wine, and of glucose and lactic acid in red wine.