组成图示
示意图生成中
传感器类型
电化学生物传感器
检测对象
有机磷农药(organophosphorus pesticides, OPs;敌敌畏 dichlorvos、三氯fon trichlorfon、灭多威 dimethoate、马拉硫磷 malathion);样品基质:模拟海水、工作缓冲液、蒸馏水、乙醇及实际海水/河水。
检测原理
传感器以固定化乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)为识别元件。在无农药时,AChE催化乙酰硫胆碱(ATCh)水解生成硫胆碱(TCh)和乙酸;TCh在丝网印刷碳工作电极上发生阳极氧化,产生与酶活性成正比的安培电流。当样品中存在有机磷农药(OPs)时,OPs与AChE活性位点结合,先形成可逆复合物,再逐步形成磷酸化酶复合物,使酶活性降低,TCh生成减少,氧化电流下降。通过比较加入OPs前后的ATCh响应峰面积,计算抑制率I%=(A0-Ai)/A0×100,抑制率随OPs浓度和孵育时间增加而增大。Al2O3溶胶-凝胶提供亲水多孔环境,保持AChE构象并促进TCh直接电子转移,使工作电位降至0.25 V,减少干扰。
检测灵敏度
LOD: 10 nM(simulated seawater, 15 min inhibiting time);表1 D-limit: 0.08 μmol L−1(S-seawater/work buffer)、0.8 μmol L−1(D-water/ethanol);线性范围: 0.1–80 μmol L−1(S-seawater/work buffer)、1–60 μmol L−1(D-water)、1–40 μmol L−1(ethanol);斜率B: 29.31 ± 1.55(S-seawater, N=10)、30.68 ± 2.43(work buffer, N=8)、28.24 ± 3.96(D-water, N=6)、17.78 ± 1.97(ethanol, N=5);R: 0.98905(S-seawater)、0.97867(work buffer)、0.96283(D-water)、0.98206(ethanol)
效应效果
传感器在0.25 V工作,较其他无介质传感器低数百毫伏,可减轻电活性杂质干扰;模拟海水高盐度对信号无显著影响,空白通过5 min后酶活无可测变化。连续9次安培响应RSD为4.92%;1 μM敌敌畏抑制响应RSD为2.87%(N=6);25次测试后保留约93%活性,4 ℃保存5个月后保留约90%活性。抑制率低于80%时可用1 mM ATCh孵育4 min再活化。实际海水加标回收率为73.22%–98.33%,RSD 1.27%–7.65%(n=4)。与GC-MS/SPME一致:北仑港阴性,四条河流阳性,可反映总抑制毒理效应。
传感器的构成
- 基底/换能器电极:PET塑料基底上丝网印刷碳墨工作电极与辅助电极(直径4 mm/10 mm)、Ag/AgCl参比电极及绝缘墨,构成集成三电极丝网印刷电极(SPE)
- 溶胶-凝胶修饰层:Al2O3溶胶-凝胶(Al2O3 sol–gel)滴加于工作电极并凝胶化,形成亲水多孔膜,固定酶并促进电子转移
- 识别元件:乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE,0.5 U/μL,10 μL)包埋于Al2O3溶胶-凝胶中,催化乙酰硫胆碱(ATCh)水解并被有机磷农药(OPs)抑制
- 底物/信号前体:乙酰硫胆碱(ATCh)作为酶反应底物,水解生成硫胆碱(TCh)
- 信号标记物:硫胆碱(TCh)在碳工作电极上阳极氧化,产生安培电流
- 流动注射流路:自制流动池(Perspex、硅胶垫,体积约100 μL)与20 μL注射阀组成FIA系统,输送缓冲液、样品和ATCh
- 工作缓冲液:pH 8.0磷酸盐缓冲液含0.1 mol/L KCl,维持酶活性和离子环境
中文摘要
本文报道了一种用于流动注射分析(FIA)系统中筛选有机磷农药(OPs)的无介质丝网印刷安培生物传感器。该传感器基于OPs对固定化乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)的抑制作用,将AChE包埋于Al2O3溶胶-凝胶中并丝网印刷于集成三电极塑料芯片上。Al2O3溶胶-凝胶提高了AChE稳定性,并催化硫胆碱(TCh)氧化,使传感器在0.25 V(vs Ag/AgCl)下检测底物,电位较其他无介质传感器低数百毫伏。与FIA耦合后构建低成本FIA-EC系统,用于实际样品筛查。对敌敌畏(dichlorvos)在0.1–80 μM呈宽线性抑制响应,对应AChE抑制率7.91–84.94%;模拟海水中15 min抑制时间下检出限为10 nM,可评价中国东部港口水样生态毒理效应,并与GC-MS结果一致。
英文摘要
A mediator-free amperometric biosensor for screening organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) in flow-injection analysis (FIA) system based on anticholinesterase activity of OPs to immobilized acetylcholinesterase enzyme (AChE) has been developed. The enzyme biosensor is prepared by entrapping AChE in Al(2)O(3) sol-gel matrix screen-printed on an integrated 3-electrode plastic chip. This strategy is found not only increase the stability of the embedded AChE, but also effectively catalyze the oxidative reaction of thiocholine, making the Al(2)O(3)-AChE biosensor detects the substrate at 0.25V (versus Ag/AgCl), hundreds mini-volt lower than other reported mediator-free ones. The Al(2)O(3)-AChE biosensor is thus coupled to FIA system to build up a simple and low-cost FIA-EC system for screening OPs in real samples. A wide linear inhibition response for dichlorvos, typical OP, is observed in the range of 0.1-80muM, corresponding to 7.91-84.94% inhibition for AChE. The detection limit for dichlorvos is achieved at 10nM in the simulated seawater for 15min inhibiting time, which allows the biosensor quantitatively detects the ecotoxicological effect of the real samples from the seaports in eastern China, where the OPs pollution is confirmed by GC-MS.