组成图示
示意图生成中
传感器类型
电化学生物传感器
检测对象
4-甲基-5-硝基邻苯二酚(4-methyl-5-nitrocatechol, 4M5NC)、2,4,5-三羟基甲苯(2,4,5-trihydroxytoluene, 2,4,5-THT);样品基质为2,4-DNT生物转化上清液/环境样品(磷酸盐或醋酸缓冲液)
检测原理
该传感器以PPO为识别元件。4M5NC和2,4,5-THT含有酚/邻苯二酚结构,可被PPO催化氧化生成相应醌。醌在-0.100 V工作电位下于玻璃碳糊电极表面被还原,产生与底物浓度成正比的安培电流。2,4-DNT不含羟基,不能被PPO识别,因此不产生醌和电流,使传感器可在大量2,4-DNT存在下选择性检测4M5NC。2,4,5-THT在中性磷酸盐缓冲液中会与2-羟基-5-甲基醌(2H5MQ)平衡,故在酸性醋酸缓冲液(pH 4.80)中检测以保证稳定。在生物转化体系中,DntA将2,4-DNT氧化为4M5NC,传感器通过4M5NC生成量评估转化效率。该过程无额外信号放大,依赖酶催化直接生成可还原醌。
检测灵敏度
4M5NC: LOD: 4.7 × 10−6 M;线性范围: 1.0 × 10−5–8.4 × 10−5 M;灵敏度: (7.5 ± 0.1) × 105 nA M−1。2,4,5-THT: LOD: 2.0 × 10−7 M;线性范围: 1.0 × 10−6–5.8 × 10−6 M;灵敏度: (6.2 ± 0.6) × 106 nA M−1。
效应效果
传感器对4M5NC和2,4,5-THT响应快速,灵敏度分别为(7.5±0.1)×10^5 nA M^-1和(6.2±0.6)×10^6 nA M^-1。未固定PPO的玻璃碳糊电极对4M5NC无响应,说明信号来自酶催化。在大量2,4-DNT存在下,4M5NC测定不受干扰,选择性良好。生物转化介质中,无DntA基因改造菌时无响应;加入携带dntA基因的Ralstonia eutropha JMP289后出现预期电流,证明可监测2,4-DNT向4M5NC转化。与HPLC-分光光度法比较,相关良好,且电化学法成本更低、分析时间更短。论文未报告RSD、加标回收率和长期稳定性,但作者认为适合现场分散式环境检测。
传感器的构成
- 工作电极基底:玻璃碳微粒(glassy carbon microparticles, GC)与矿物油(mineral oil)按90:10 w/w混合成糊状电极(GCPE),提供导电与电催化表面
- 复合固定层:矿物油作为黏合与分散介质,将PPO和玻璃碳微粒固定于聚四氟乙烯管(Teflon tube)内,形成稳定工作电极
- 识别元件:多酚氧化酶(polyphenol oxidase, PPO,酪氨酸酶 E.C. 1.14.18.1),以4.0% w/w混入糊中,识别并氧化4M5NC或2,4,5-THT
- 信号产物:PPO催化生成的醌(quinone),在-0.100 V工作电位下被还原,产生安培电流
- 辅助电极:铂丝对电极(Pt wire)和Ag/AgCl参比电极(3 M NaCl),构成三电极体系
- 支持电解质:0.050 M磷酸盐缓冲液(pH 7.40)用于4M5NC检测;0.100 M醋酸缓冲液(pH 4.80)用于2,4,5-THT检测
- 检测仪器:EPSILON电位计(BAS),以安培法记录电流响应
中文摘要
本文首次证明2,4-二硝基甲苯(2,4-DNT)生物降解产物4-甲基-5-硝基邻苯二酚(4M5NC)和2,4,5-三羟基甲苯(2,4,5-THT)可被多酚氧化酶(PPO)识别为底物,并报道了一种安培生物传感器,用于检测这两种化合物并评估细菌存在下2,4-DNT向4M5NC的转化效率。传感器将PPO固定于玻璃碳微球和矿物油组成的复合糊状电极中。4M5NC的灵敏度为(7.5±0.1)×10^5 nA M^-1,线性范围为1.0×10^-5至8.4×10^-5 M,检出限为4.7×10^-6 M;2,4,5-THT的灵敏度为(6.2±0.6)×10^6 nA M^-1,线性范围为1.0×10^-6至5.8×10^-6 M,检出限为2.0×10^-7 M。在大量2,4-DNT存在下仍可选择性定量4M5NC。作者将该传感器用于监测2,4-DNT生物转化效率,并与HPLC-分光光度法比较,结果相关良好,有望用于分散式环境检测。
英文摘要
In this work, we demonstrate for the first time that 4-methyl-5-nitrocatechol (4M5NC) and 2,4,5-trihydroxytoluene (2,4,5-THT), two compounds obtained from the 2,4-DNT biodegradation are recognized by polyphenol oxidase as substrates. An amperometric biosensor is described for detecting these compounds and for evaluating the efficiency of the 2,4-DNT conversion into 4M5NC in the presence of bacteria able to produce the 2,4-DNT-biotransformation. The biosensor format involves the immobilization of polyphenol oxidase into a composite matrix made of glassy carbon microspheres and mineral oil. The biosensor demonstrated to be highly sensitive for the quantification of 4M5NC and 2,4,5-THT. The analytical parameters for 4M5NC are the following: sensitivity of (7.5+/-0.1)x10(5)nAM(-1), linear range between 1.0x10(-5) and 8.4x10(-5)M, and detection limit of 4.7x10(-6)M. The sensitivity for the determination of 2,4,5-THT is (6.2+/-0.6)x10(6)nAM(-1), with a linear range between 1.0x10(-6) and 5.8x10(-6)M, and a detection limit of 2.0x10(-7). Under the experimental conditions, it was possible to selectively quantify 4M5NC even in the presence of a large excess of 2,4-DNT. The suitability of the biosensor for detecting the efficiency of 2,4-DNT biotransformation into 4M5NC is demonstrated and compared with HPLC-spectrophotometric detection, with very good correlation. This biosensor holds great promise for decentralized environmental testing of 2,4-DNT.