传感器类型
电化学生物传感器
检测对象
鼠尾草酸(rosmarinic acid);样品基质为植物提取物(lemon balm, Melissa officinalis 植物提取物/化妆品用植物提取物)
检测原理
该传感器以碳糊电极为基底,将米曲霉漆酶与离子液体BMIPF6、Nujol混合固定。测定时,溶液中的鼠尾草酸扩散至电极表面,漆酶催化其酚羟基氧化为邻醌,同时分子氧被还原为水。生成的邻醌在+0.2 V(vs. Ag/AgCl)附近发生电化学还原,重新生成鼠尾草酸,产生可测量的阴极峰电流。方波伏安法通过脉冲调制抑制电容背景电流,使峰电流与鼠尾草酸浓度呈线性关系。BMIPF6作为结合剂提供高离子导电性、宽电化学窗口和酶稳定性,降低电荷转移阻力,从而增强信号。该体系无外加标记物,信号放大主要依赖酶催化循环和电化学还原。
检测灵敏度
LOD: 1.88 × 10−7 mol L−1;线性范围: 9.99 × 10−7–6.54 × 10−5 mol L−1;斜率: 0.5630 × 10^6 μA L mol−1;r = 0.9996
效应效果
传感器对鼠尾草酸选择性较好:相对响应为鼠尾草酸100%、肾上腺素63.0%、咖啡酸25.0%、绿原酸22.0%、儿茶素10.0%、芦丁9.0%,其他酚类无响应;植物提取物中咖啡酸和eriodictyol-7-O-glucoside虽有电化学活性,但浓度低,不干扰测定。同一传感器6次平行测定RSD为0.94%,4个独立制备传感器RSD为0.56%。室温下连续使用300天、完成920次测定后响应无明显变化。植物提取物加标回收率为96.1%–105.0%。与毛细管电泳法比较,在95%置信水平下一致,相对误差为+0.5%、+0.2%、−6.2%和−7.8%。作者认为其低成本、可再生、制备简单,适合植物提取物中鼠尾草酸检测。
传感器的构成
- 基底/换能器电极:石墨粉(graphite powder, grade #38)构成导电碳糊,几何面积1.0 mm2,铜线提供电接触。
- 结合剂/离子液体层:Nujol与BMIPF6(1-n-butyl-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐)作为结合剂和电解质,最佳总组成为石墨粉:漆酶:Nujol:BMIPF6=50:20:15:15(w/w/w/w),其中Nujol:BMIPF6=50:50,提高离子导电性并稳定酶。
- 识别/催化元件:米曲霉漆酶(laccase from Aspergillus oryzae, Denilite II BASE微球),占20% w/w,催化氧化鼠尾草酸。
- 信号转换层:无外加标记物;酶催化生成的邻醌(o-quinone)在电极表面被还原,产生分析电流。
- 工作介质:0.1 mol L−1醋酸缓冲液(pH 5.0),提供离子环境和稳定电位。
- 电极系统:Ag/AgCl(3.0 mol L−1 KCl)参比电极和Pt辅助电极,与传感器工作电极组成三电极体系。
中文摘要
本研究构建了基于米曲霉漆酶和离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐(BMIPF6)及1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐(BMIBF4)的新型生物传感器,用于方波伏安法测定鼠尾草酸。漆酶催化鼠尾草酸氧化为相应邻醌,后者在+0.2 V(vs. Ag/AgCl)被电化学还原回鼠尾草酸。基于BMIPF6的传感器性能优于BMIBF4。最佳组成为石墨粉:漆酶:Nujol:BMIPF6 = 50:20:15:15(w/w/w/w),在0.1 mol L−1醋酸缓冲液(pH 5.0)中测定。鼠尾草酸浓度在9.99×10−7至6.54×10−5 mol L−1范围内线性(r=0.9996),检出限为1.88×10−7 mol L−1。植物提取物样品中鼠尾草酸回收率为96.1%–105.0%,测定结果与毛细管电泳法在95%置信水平下一致。BMIPF6生物传感器表现出长期稳定性(300天、920次测定)和重现性,相对标准偏差为0.56%。
英文摘要
Novel biosensors based on laccase from Aspergillus oryzae and the ionic liquids (ILs) 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (BMIPF(6)) and 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (BMIBF(4)) were constructed for determination of rosmarinic acid by square-wave voltammetry. The laccase catalyzes the oxidation of rosmarinic acid to the corresponding o-quinone, which is electrochemically reduced back to rosmarinic acid at +0.2V vs. Ag/AgCl. The biosensor based on BMIPF(6) showed a better performance than that based on BMIBF(4). The best performance was obtained with 50:20:15:15% (w/w/w/w) of the graphite powder:laccase:Nujol:BMIPF(6) composition in 0.1mol L(-1) acetate buffer solution (pH 5.0). The rosmarinic acid concentration was linear in the range of 9.99 x 10(-7) to 6.54 x 10(-5)mol L(-1) (r=0.9996) with a detection limit of 1.88 x 10(-7)mol L(-1). The recovery study for rosmarinic acid in plant extract samples gave values from 96.1 to 105.0% and the concentrations determined were in agreement with those obtained using capillary electrophoresis at the 95% confidence level. The BMIPF(6)-biosensor demonstrated long-term stability (300 days; 920 determinations) and reproducibility, with a relative standard deviation of 0.56%.