Deciphering skin architecture, wound pathophysiology and molecular mechanisms of healing: insights into immune response and therapeutic strategies.

皮肤不仅是保护屏障，也是参与复杂生理过程的动态免疫与感觉器官。创伤、手术、烧伤或慢性代谢疾病破坏皮肤完整性后，会启动受炎症信号、细胞外基质重塑、血管生成和细胞协调反应调控的愈合级联。急性伤口通常按止血、炎症、增殖和重塑阶段有序修复；而糖尿病足溃疡、静脉溃疡和压力性损伤等慢性伤口则停滞于持续炎症状态，表现为蛋白酶失衡、衰老细胞蓄积、血...