表面等离子共振(SPR)生物传感器 2010

Development of surface plasmon resonance biosensor assays for primary and secondary screening of acetylcholine binding protein ligands.

Analytical biochemistry Retra K, Geitmann M, Kool J, Smit AB, de Esch IJ, Danielson UH, Irth H
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组成图示

Development of surface plasmon resona... 传感器构成示意图

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传感器类型

表面等离子共振(SPR)生物传感器

检测对象

乙酰胆碱结合蛋白(AChBP)配体/小分子化合物(他克林 tacrine、尼古丁 nicotine、乙酰胆碱 acetylcholine、epibatidine、VUF 10674);样品基质为DMSO储备液稀释后的运行缓冲液(磷酸盐或PBS-Tris含P20)

检测原理

SPR传感器表面通过EDC/NHS共价固定或Ni-NTA可逆捕获AChBP。初筛中,小分子测试化合物直接结合AChBP,引起界面质量/折射率变化,产生共振单位(RU)响应;结合量随化合物浓度和亲和力增加。复筛采用顺序竞争:先注入测试化合物占据AChBP结合位点,随后立即注入高分子量报告配体α-金枪鱼毒素(BgTx)。BgTx仅结合剩余自由位点,其结合斜率(RBS)随测试化合物占据量增加而降低。由于BgTx分子量约8 kDa,远大于小分子,结合产生更大SPR质量响应,实现信号放大;通过比较RBS与缓冲液对照,可区分结合物与非结合物,并降低假阳性。

检测灵敏度

EC50: 55 nM (r2 = 0.96);EC50: 7.3 μM (r2 = 0.98);EC50: 9.4 μM (r2 = 0.99)

效应效果

初筛固定约3000 RU AChBP,表面至少稳定4天;复筛捕获约1000 RU时基线漂移0–15 RU/min。复筛信噪比为36,直接法为13,z0因子0.96,两种方法重现性相当。顺序竞争法对BgTx结合口袋具有选择性,非特异结合物不被检出,ERα-LBD对照无BgTx结合,可有效识别假阳性。他克林在初筛和复筛中均被检出,放射配体实验pKi为4.3,EC50为9.4 μM,低于乙酰胆碱亲和力。作者认为该方法适合低亲和力配体发现与nAChR先导化合物验证。

传感器的构成

  • 基底/换能器:CM5或NTA SPR传感芯片,提供表面等离子共振信号读出
  • 表面修饰层:CM5芯片经EDC/NHS氨基偶联固定AChBP;NTA芯片负载Ni(II)螯合His标签
  • 识别元件:六组氨酸标签Ls-AChBP或Ac-AChBP,作为nAChR配体结合域模型蛋白
  • 信号标记物:α-金枪鱼毒素BgTx,高分子量报告配体,结合剩余AChBP位点产生SPR响应
  • 再生/清洗:EDTA去除NTA捕获蛋白;50% DMSO与70%乙醇冲洗去除残留化合物
  • 运行缓冲液:PBS-Tris或磷酸盐缓冲液含0.005% P20表面活性剂,维持结合环境并降低非特异吸附

中文摘要

表面等离子共振(SPR)生物传感器在药物发现中日益重要。本文提出一种用于乙酰胆碱结合蛋白(AChBP)配体初筛和复筛的SPR生物传感器方法。初筛采用共价固定靶蛋白的直接结合检测;复筛采用顺序竞争检测:先将捕获的蛋白暴露于未知测试化合物,随后立即暴露于高分子量报告配体。利用报告配体探测传感器表面剩余自由结合位点,可显著增强信号,并验证直接结合初筛结果,有效识别假阳性。以AChBP作为神经元烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体(nAChR)的可溶性模型蛋白。复筛通量低于初筛,但信噪比约为直接检测的2倍,z0因子为0.96。结合两种方法,作者鉴定出他克林(tacrine)为AChBP配体。

英文摘要

Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensors recently gained an important place in drug discovery. Here we present a primary and secondary SPR biosensor screening methodology. The primary screening method is based on a direct binding assay with covalent immobilized drug target proteins. For the secondary screening method, a sequential competition assay has been developed where the captured protein is first exposed to an unknown test compound, followed directly by an exposure to a high-molecular-weight reporter ligand. Using the high-molecular-weight reporter ligand to probe the remaining free binding site on the sensor, a significant signal enhancement is obtained. Furthermore, this assay format allows the validation of the primary direct binding assay format, efficiently revealing false positive data. As a model system, acetylcholine binding protein (AChBP), which is a soluble model protein for neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, has been used. The secondary assay is lower in throughput than the primary assay; however, the signal-to-noise ratio is two times higher compared with the direct assay, and it has a z' factor of 0.96. Using both assays, we identified the compound tacrine as a ligand for AChBP.