侧流层析试纸条 2009

Disposable nucleic acid biosensors based on gold nanoparticle probes and lateral flow strip.

Analytical chemistry Mao X, Ma Y, Zhang A, Zhang L, Zeng L, Liu G
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组成图示

Disposable nucleic acid biosensors ba... 传感器构成示意图

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传感器类型

侧流层析试纸条

检测对象

目标DNA(target DNA,合成60碱基寡核苷酸,SSC缓冲液)、人基因组DNA(human genomic DNA,变性基因组DNA溶液)

检测原理

DNAB基于试纸条上的夹心DNA杂交。样品中的目标DNA经样品垫迁移至结合垫,与Au-NP上偶联的DNA探针2杂交形成复合物;复合物继续迁移至硝酸纤维素膜检测区,与链霉亲和素固定的DNA探针1发生第二次杂交并被捕获。Au-NP在检测区富集形成红色条带,过量Au-NP-DNA探针2被控制区DNA探针3捕获形成控制线。条带颜色可目视判断,便携式读数仪读取光强实现定量,信号强度随目标DNA浓度增加而增强。采用HRP-Au-NP双标记时,捕获的HRP催化AEC/H2O2生成不溶性红色产物并沉积在Au-NP表面,实现酶促信号放大,降低检出限。

检测灵敏度

LOD: 0.5 nM(S/N = 3,15 min);线性范围: 1-100 nM target DNA;HRP-Au-NP双标记LOD: 50 pM;人基因组DNA LOD: 2.5 µg/mL(1.25 fM,S/N = 3);人基因组DNA线性范围: 5-100 µg/mL(对数线性);定性可见: 5 nM target DNA。

效应效果

选择性方面,1000 nM非互补DNA不干扰100 nM目标DNA,混合样品信号与单独目标DNA一致;作者指出错配DNA选择性需进一步研究。重现性良好:1 nM目标DNA 8条试纸RSD 6.4%,25 µg/mL人基因组DNA 8条试纸RSD 6.8%;未报告长期稳定性与加标回收率。检测时间约15 min(基因组DNA初始20 min,优化后15 min)。与微阵列、SPR成像、压电传感器等相比,DNAB无需复杂仪器,成本低,适合现场和POC;表1中DNAB人基因组DNA LOD为1.25 fM、约20 min,作者认为快于多数需30 min至数小时的方法。

传感器的构成

  • 支撑层:塑料背衬(polyester backing layer),用于层叠固定样品垫、结合垫、硝酸纤维素膜和吸收垫。
  • 样品垫:玻璃纤维样品垫(glass fiber sample pad,CFSP001700),预饱和pH 8.0缓冲液(0.25% Triton X-100、0.05 M Tris-HCl、0.15 M NaCl),用于接收样品并促进迁移。
  • 结合垫:玻璃纤维结合垫(glass fiber conjugate pad),点样Au-NP-DNA或HRP-Au-NP-DNA结合物,用于储存并在样品流过时释放标记探针。
  • 硝酸纤维素膜:硝酸纤维素膜(nitrocellulose membrane,HFB24004),作为检测区与控制区载体,固定捕获探针。
  • 识别元件:生物素化DNA探针1(DNA probe 1)经链霉亲和素(streptavidin)固定于检测区,生物素化DNA探针3(DNA probe 3)固定于控制区,用于夹心杂交识别目标DNA。
  • 信号标记物:15 nm金纳米颗粒(Au-NP,由HAuCl4和柠檬酸钠还原制备)偶联巯基化DNA探针2(DNA probe 2),产生红色条带;可选HRP-Au-NP双标记,AEC/H2O2酶反应沉积红色不溶产物放大信号。
  • 封闭/稳定剂:洗脱缓冲液含20 mM Na3PO4、5% BSA、0.25% Tween 20、10%蔗糖,用于稳定Au-NP-DNA并减少非特异吸附;运行缓冲液为4×SSC或6×SSC(含1% BSA、0.2% Tween-20、0.01% SDS)。
  • 吸收垫:吸收垫(absorbent pad),吸收多余液体并维持毛细流动。
  • 读数装置:便携式试纸读数仪(DT1030),读取检测线与控制线光强用于定量。

中文摘要

本文报道了一种一次性核酸生物传感器(DNAB),可在15 min内低成本、高灵敏地检测核酸样品。该传感器结合金纳米颗粒(Au-NP)的独特光学性质与层析分离的高效性,在侧流试纸条上实现夹心型DNA杂交反应,避免了传统核酸生物传感器中多次孵育、分离和洗涤步骤。检测区和控制区捕获的Au-NP探针产生特征红色条带,无需仪器即可目视检测核酸样品;通过便携式试纸读数仪读取红色条带强度可实现定量检测。作者优化了报告探针浓度、Au-NP粒径、Au-NP-DNA探针用量、侧流膜和运行缓冲液浓度等影响灵敏度与重现性的参数。优化后器件在1-100 nM目标DNA范围内响应高度线性,15 min检测时间下检出限约为0.5 nM。采用辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)-Au-NP双标记后,灵敏度进一步提高,检出限达50 pM。该DNAB还通过合理设计DNA探针直接检测人基因组DNA,检出限为2.5 µg/mL(1.25 fM)。该核酸生物传感器为核酸样品检测提供了快速、灵敏、低成本且可定量的工具,在遗传病现场和即时诊断、感染因子检测及生物战剂预警方面具有应用前景。

英文摘要

In this article, we describe a disposable nucleic acid biosensor (DNAB) for low-cost and sensitive detection of nucleic acid samples in 15 min. Combining the unique optical properties of gold nanoparticles (Au-NP) and the high efficiency of chromatographic separation, sandwich-type DNA hybridization reactions were realized on the lateral flow strips, which avoid multiple incubation, separation, and washing steps in the conventional nucleic acid biosensors. The captured Au-NP probes on the test zone and control zone of the biosensor produced the characteristic red bands, enabling visual detection of nucleic acid samples without instrumentation. The quantitative detection was performed by reading the intensities of the produced red bands with a portable strip reader. The parameters (e.g., the concentration of reporter probe, the size of Au-NP, the amount of Au-NP-DNA probe, lateral flow membranes, and the concentration of running buffer) that govern the sensitivity and reproducibility of the sensor were optimized. The response of the optimized device is highly linear over the range of 1-100 nM target DNA, and the limit of detection is estimated to be 0.5 nM in association with a 15 min assay time. The sensitivity of the biosensor was further enhanced by using horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-Au-NP dual labels which ensure a quite low detection limit of 50 pM. The DNAB has been applied for the detection of human genomic DNA directly with a detection limit of 2.5 microg/mL (1.25 fM) by adopting well-designed DNA probes. The new nucleic acid biosensor thus provides a rapid, sensitive, low cost, and quantitative tool for the detection of nucleic acid samples. It shows great promise for in-field and point-of-care diagnosis of genetic diseases and detection of infectious agents or warning against biowarfare agents.

关键词

侧流层析试纸条金纳米颗粒核酸生物传感器DNA杂交HRP信号放大即时检测