全细胞生物传感器 2000

Heterogeneity of iron bioavailability on plants assessed with a whole-cell GFP-based bacterial biosensor.

Microbiology (Reading, England) Joyner DC, Lindow SE
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组成图示

Heterogeneity of iron bioavailability... 传感器构成示意图

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传感器类型

全细胞生物传感器

检测对象

三价铁(ferric iron, Fe3+)/铁生物可利用性(bioavailable iron);样品基质:SM 培养基、菜豆叶表洗脱液、根际/根系洗脱液。

检测原理

该传感器以野油菜黄单胞菌 B728a 为全细胞换能器,质粒 pVITIR 将铁调控启动子 Ppvd 与 gfp 报告基因融合。当铁水平降低时,Ppvd 启动子被激活,驱动 GFP 转录与翻译;铁充足时启动子受抑制,GFP 表达降至基础水平。GFP 在菌体内积累并产生绿色荧光,其强度随 Fe3+ 浓度降低而升高;由于 GFP 稳定且每代稀释约50%,信号可反映采样前数代的铁暴露历史。样品经 4% 多聚甲醛固定后,用 TAMRA 标记 16S rRNA 探针 Ps1 进行 FISH,特异性识别 B728a 细胞;落射荧光显微镜以 470 nm 激发、525 nm 发射采集 GFP 图像,CCD 成像并经阈值分割计算单细胞平均像素强度,再与 FeCl3 标准曲线对应,从而定量铁生物可利用性。

检测灵敏度

原文未报告 LOD、线性范围、灵敏度斜率或相关系数。

效应效果

培养基中固定铁浓度下传感器细胞荧光分布较窄;阳性对照 B728a(pKAN) 在 10^-7 至 10^-5 M FeCl3 中荧光为 44–33 单位/10^9 细胞,标准差 4,单细胞范围约 28 单位。植物样品中 >99.5% 的 B728a 细胞可检测 GFP,背景校正后仅约 0.03% 呈表观负值。FISH 探针 Ps1 对 B728a 特异,未接种植物无信号,且不影响 GFP 测量。质粒在无抗生素 LB 中 30 代保留率 >99%,植物上 4 d 保留率 >95%。与 inaZ 冰核生物传感器相比,叶片上实测平均冰核活性为 -1.4 log(冰核/细胞),GFP 外推为 -1.2 log。作者认为其可提供单细胞空间分辨率,用于评估植物表面铁异质性并约束铁竞争模型。

传感器的构成

  • 宿主细胞/换能器:Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae B728a 全细胞,作为铁感知与 GFP 表达载体。
  • 质粒修饰层:pVSP61 广宿主范围质粒(pVITIR),携带 Ppvd-gfp 融合并稳定维持。
  • 识别元件:铁调控启动子 Ppvd,来自 pyoverdine 铁载体膜受体基因簇,响应铁状态。
  • 信号标记物:gfp 报告基因(红色移位 GFP,含增强翻译起始区 TIR),产生绿色荧光。
  • 阳性对照元件:pKAN 质粒,nptII 启动子 Pkan::gfp,校正环境、拷贝数与 GFP 表达影响。
  • 固定与成像介质:4% paraformaldehyde 固定,0.1% gelatin 涂布载玻片,Prolong 抗淬灭封片。
  • 细胞鉴定探针:TAMRA 标记 21 bp 16S rRNA 寡核苷酸探针 Ps1,用于 FISH 特异性识别 B728a。
  • 读出系统:Axiophot 落射荧光显微镜、CCD 相机、GFP Endow 滤片组(470±20 nm/525±25 nm)与 IP-Lab 图像分析。

中文摘要

三价铁是微生物生长必需元素,但在好氧环境中水溶性低,是自然生境中微生物竞争的限制资源。由于铁竞争发生在单个细胞水平,评估铁生物可利用性的个体差异对理解生境竞争至关重要。本研究通过荧光显微镜定量携带质粒转录融合的野油菜黄单胞菌(Pseudomonas syringae)单细胞荧光强度,评估其铁生物可利用性。该融合由编码 pyoverdine 铁载体膜受体的铁调控启动子 Ppvd 与绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)报告基因组成。铁生物传感器细胞表现出铁依赖的 GFP 荧光,荧光强度与培养基中添加的铁量成反比,在铁充足与铁缺乏培养基间差异超过20倍。在固定铁含量培养基中,细胞荧光强度分布范围很窄;而从接种菜豆根际或叶表回收的传感器细胞荧光强度差异显著,分布强烈右偏,约10%细胞明显高于中位数。携带组成型 nptII 启动子-GFP 融合的阳性对照在培养基和植物上均显示均匀荧光。结果表明,植物表面 P. syringae 细胞的铁生物可利用性存在显著异质性,仅少数细胞经历低铁状态,这对基于铁竞争的自然生境细菌相互作用模型构成约束。

英文摘要

Ferric iron is an essential element for microbial growth but its water solubility in aerobic environments is considered to be low. Thus it is a limiting resource for which microbes must compete in natural habitats. Since competition for iron occurs at the level of individual cells, knowledge of the variability in iron bioavailability to such individuals is required to assess the nature of the competition in these habitats. Ferric iron availability to cells of Pseudomonas syringae was assessed by quantifying the fluorescence intensity of single cells harbouring a plasmid-borne transcriptional fusion of an iron-regulated promoter from a locus encoding a membrane receptor for a pyoverdine siderophore with a reporter gene encoding green fluorescent protein (GFP) following fluorescence microscopy. Cells of this iron biosensor exhibited iron-dependent GFP fluorescence that was inversely proportional to the amount of iron added to the media, and which differed by over 20-fold in iron-replete compared to iron-deplete culture media. Cells cultured in a medium of a given iron content exhibited a very narrow range of fluorescence intensities. In contrast, the fluorescence intensity of cells of the biosensor strain recovered from the rhizosphere or phylloplane of inoculated bean plants varied greatly. The distribution of fluorescence intensities was strongly right-hand skewed, with about 10% of the cells exhibiting substantially higher GFP fluorescence than that of the median cell. Cells of a positive control strain, harbouring a fusion of the constitutive nptII promoter with the gfp reporter gene, exhibited uniform GFP fluorescence both in culture media and on plants. These results indicate that there is substantial heterogeneity of iron biovailability to cells of P. syringae on plants, with only a small subset of cells experiencing low iron availability. Such heterogeneity places constraints on models of interactions of bacteria in natural habitats that are based on competition for limited iron.

关键词

全细胞生物传感器绿色荧光蛋白三价铁铁载体荧光原位杂交植物表面