荧光生物传感器 2008

Label-free fluorescent probing of G-quadruplex formation and real-time monitoring of DNA folding by a quaternized tetraphenylethene salt with aggregation-induced emission characteristics.

Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) Hong Y, Häussler M, Lam JW, Li Z, Sin KK, Dong Y, Tong H, Liu J, Qin A, Renneberg R, Tang BZ
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组成图示

Label-free fluorescent probing of G-q... 传感器构成示意图

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传感器类型

荧光生物传感器

检测对象

G-四链体(G-quadruplex)、钾离子(K+)、DNA折叠过程(G1 folding);样品基质:5 mM Tris-HCl 缓冲液(pH 7.50)水溶液

检测原理

TTAPE 为水溶性 AIE 四苯乙烯季铵盐,在稀水溶液中因苯环绕中心双键自由旋转而几乎不发光。当带正电的 TTAPE 通过静电作用结合带负电的 G1 寡核苷酸时,分子内旋转受限(RIR),非辐射衰减被阻断,470 nm 荧光开启。加入 K+ 后,K+ 进入 G-四联体中心并诱导 G1 折叠为 K+-稳定 G-四链体;TTAPE 的 TPE 核心与端部 G-四联体几何匹配并堆叠,铵基团与沟槽相互作用,使发射峰红移至 492 nm。竞争阳离子(Na+、Li+、NH4+、Mg2+、Ca2+)可置换 TTAPE 或改变四链体构象,使 492 nm 信号减弱或关闭。因此荧光强度与红移可反映 G-四链体形成及 K+ 存在,无需 DNA 预标记。

检测灵敏度

LOD: approximately 0.5 mm of G1 (PAGE)

效应效果

TTAPE 对 K+-稳定 G-四链体亲和力高,ITC 得 Kb=2.4×10^5 M^-1、ΔG°=-7.3 kcal mol^-1;Na+、Li+、NH4+、Mg2+、Ca2+ 均使 492 nm 发射减弱。K+ 存在下加入 12 倍过量 Na+,492 nm 光谱轮廓与 CD 不变,说明 K+ 四链体更稳定。C1 杂交解开四链体并淬灭 492 nm,C2 保留 492 nm 并增强约 400 nm。PAGE 染色 5 min 可显示 G1,检测约 0.5 mm G1,优于 EB 30 min 且背景低。时间分辨荧光得折叠平均时间常数 116 s,约 5 min 完成,可用于高通量四链体靶向药物筛选。

传感器的构成

  • 检测介质:5 mM Tris-HCl 缓冲液(pH 7.50),提供水相反应与荧光读出环境
  • 荧光探针/信号标记物:TTAPE(1,1,2,2-tetrakis[4-(2-triethylammonioethoxy)phenyl]ethene tetrabromide),AIE 四苯乙烯季铵盐,结合 DNA 后限制分子内旋转并产生荧光
  • 识别元件:G1 寡核苷酸(5'-GGGTTAGGGTTAGGGTTAGGG-3'),模拟人端粒 T2AG3 重复序列,可折叠为 G-四链体
  • 结构诱导剂:K+(KCl),诱导并稳定 G1 形成 K+-稳定 G-四链体,使 TTAPE 发射红移至 492 nm
  • 竞争/干扰离子:Na+、Li+、NH4+、Mg2+、Ca2+,用于验证选择性,竞争结合 DNA 或改变四链体构象
  • 荧光读出:350 nm 激发,470 nm(DNA 结合态)与 492 nm(G-四链体态)发射监测

中文摘要

分子信标等生物传感过程常需对生物分子进行共价标记,操作繁琐。本文报道一种无标记 DNA 检测体系,采用具有聚集诱导发光(AIE)特性的简单染料作为荧光生物探针。1,1,2,2-四[4-(2-溴乙氧基)苯基]乙烯在水中不发光,但聚集后强发光;其季铵盐 TTAPE(1,1,2,2-四[4-(2-三乙基铵乙氧基)苯基]乙烯四溴化物)在水溶液中因分子内旋转受阻而呈现 AIE 效应。TTAPE 通过静电吸引结合富鸟嘌呤 DNA 链 G1 后,分子内旋转受限,荧光开启;加入竞争性阳离子后染料脱离,荧光关闭。TTAPE 可作为聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(PAGE)后染色剂快速显示 G1 条带,并对 G1 的 G-四链体二级结构具有高亲和力。G1 折叠过程中发射峰发生红移,使 G-四链体可与其他 DNA 结构光谱区分。TTAPE 的 AIE 特性使其无需在 DNA 上预接荧光基团即可实时监测 G1 折叠过程,并可作为 K+ 离子生物传感器,因其对 K+ 诱导和稳定的四链体结构具有特异性。

英文摘要

Biosensing processes such as molecular beacons require non-trivial effort to covalently label or mark biomolecules. We report here a label-free DNA assay system with a simple dye with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) characteristics as the fluorescent bioprobe. 1,1,2,2-Tetrakis[4-(2-bromoethoxy)phenyl]ethene is nonemissive in solution but becomes highly emissive when aggregated. This AIE effect is caused by restriction of intramolecular rotation, as verified by a large increase in the emission intensity by increasing viscosity and decreasing temperature of the aqueous buffer solution of 1,1,2,2-tetrakis[4-(2-triethylammonioethoxy)phenyl]ethene tetrabromide (TTAPE). When TTAPE is bound to a guanine-rich DNA strand (G1) via electrostatic attraction, its intramolecular rotation is restricted and its emission is turned on. When a competitive cation is added to the G1 solution, TTAPE is detached and its emission is turned off. TTAPE works as a sensitive poststaining agent for poly(acrylamide) gel electrophoresis (PAGE) visualization of G1. The dye is highly affinitive to a secondary structure of G1 called the G-quadruplex. The bathochromic shift involved in the G1 folding process allows spectral discrimination of the G-quadruplex from other DNA structures. The strong affinity of TTAPE dye to the G-quadruplex structure is associated with a geometric fit aided by the electrostatic attraction. The distinct AIE feature of TTAPE enables real-time monitoring of folding process of G1 in the absence of any pre-attached fluorogenic labels on the DNA strand. TTAPE can be used as a K+ ion biosensor because of its specificity to K+-induced and -stabilized quadruplex structure.

关键词

聚集诱导发光G-四链体荧光探针DNA折叠钾离子传感无标记检测