荧光生物传感器 2008

Monitoring of chloride and activity of glycine receptor channels using genetically encoded fluorescent sensors.

Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences Mukhtarov M, Markova O, Real E, Jacob Y, Buldakova S, Bregestovski P
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组成图示

Monitoring of chloride and activity o... 传感器构成示意图

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传感器类型

荧光生物传感器

检测对象

胞内氯离子(intracellular chloride, [Cl]i)、甘氨酸(glycine)/甘氨酸受体通道活性(GlyR activity);样品基质:大鼠视网膜切片、HEK-293、CHO-K1、BHK-21 细胞

检测原理

Cl-Sensor 由 CFP 与 YFP 融合而成,YFP 荧光团与 Cl- 结合后发生荧光淬灭和激发光谱位移,CFP 对 Cl- 不敏感,作为内参。通过 440 nm 与 480 nm 交替激发并计算 F480/F440 比率,可比率读出 [Cl]i;Kapp≈30 mM,接近生理范围。高 K+ 去极化使 Cl- 内流,[Cl]i 升高,比率随之改变。BioSensor-GlyR 将 Cl-Sensor 插入 GlyR α1 胞内长环,甘氨酸结合受体外域后通道开放,Cl- 沿电化学梯度流入,通道附近胞质 Cl- 局部升高,使 Cl-Sensor 荧光变化。荧光变化幅度与甘氨酸诱导电流近似线性,因此可直接光谱监测受体门控通道活性。

检测灵敏度

原文未报告 LOD、线性范围、灵敏度斜率或相关系数;报告 Cl-Sensor Kapp≈30 mM;GlyR 甘氨酸 EC50:野生型 30–210 mM,BioSensor-GlyR 70–300 mM。

效应效果

Cl-Sensor 经体内电穿孔在大鼠视网膜表达,表达可维持超过一个月,光感受器中 P6 [Cl]i 为 51±2 mM,P16 为 31±1 mM,P21 为 36±1 mM;40 mM KCl 去极化使 [Cl]i 升高 43±3 mM,低 Cl- 溶液中仅 4±1 mM,显示 Cl- 依赖性和可逆性。BioSensor-GlyR 保留野生型 GlyR 的动力学、甘氨酸 EC50(野生型 30–210 mM,BioSensor-GlyR 70–300 mM)和 Cl- 选择性,反转电位接近 ECl。甘氨酸诱导电流与荧光变化近似线性,约 300 pA 电流即可产生可检测荧光。作者认为其可用于药物筛选、生理/病理 Cl- 监测及受体通道活性光谱监测。

传感器的构成

  • 基因模板/表达载体:Cl-Sensor cDNA 或 BioSensor-GlyR cDNA,含 CMVie 启动子,用于在细胞内表达荧光探针或嵌合受体
  • 细胞基底/微环境:大鼠视网膜切片、HEK-293、CHO-K1、BHK-21 细胞,提供膜、胞质及 Cl- 微环境
  • 膜定位识别元件:人源 α1 亚基甘氨酸受体(GlyR)胞内长环,结合甘氨酸并介导 Cl- 通道开放,同时锚定 Cl-Sensor
  • 离子识别/荧光换能元件:CFP–YFP 融合蛋白 Cl-Sensor,YFP 荧光团结合 Cl- 后激发光谱改变,CFP 作为参考
  • 信号标记物:Cl-Sensor 的 CFP 与 YFP 荧光团,产生 440/480 nm 激发比率(F480/F440)变化
  • 递送/转染系统:Lipofectamine 2000、Magnetofection CombiMag 或 in vivo 电穿孔,将 cDNA 导入细胞

中文摘要

基因编码探针已成为非侵入监测离子、蛋白分布及细胞组分迁移与形成的有力工具。本文报道两种分子探针的功能表达,用于非侵入荧光监测胞内氯离子浓度([Cl]i)和甘氨酸受体(GlyR)通道功能。第一种为近期开发的蓝荧光蛋白–黄荧光蛋白(CFP–YFP)融合探针 Cl-Sensor,对 Cl- 具有较高敏感性(Kapp≈30 mM)。作者通过体内电穿孔将其表达于视网膜细胞,并分析去极化及出生后三周内 [Cl]i 的变化。40 mM KCl 处理使 [Cl]i 升高约 40 mM;P6 大鼠视网膜光感受器平均 [Cl]i 约 50 mM,P16 和 P21 约 30–35 mM。第二种构象 BioSensor-GlyR 是将 Cl-Sensor 插入 GlyR 胞内结构域的通道蛋白,是首个用于光谱监测受体门控通道功能的分子探针。此类探针可用于药物筛选,并在不同生理和病理条件下监测 Cl- 及异源系统与神经元中 GlyR 活性。

英文摘要

Genetically encoded probes have become powerful tools for non-invasive monitoring of ions, distributions of proteins and the migration and formation of cellular components. We describe the functional expression of two molecular probes for non-invasive fluorescent monitoring of intracellular Cl ([Cl]i) and the functioning of glycine receptor (GlyR) channels. The first probe is a recently developed cyan fluorescent protein-yellow fluorescent protein-based construct, termed Cl-Sensor, with relatively high sensitivity to Cl (Kapp approximately 30 mM). In this study, we describe its expression in retina cells using in vivo electroporation and analyse changes in [Cl]i at depolarization and during the first three weeks of post-natal development. An application of 40 mM K+ causes an elevation in [Cl]i of approximately 40 mM. In photoreceptors from retina slices of a 6-day-old rat (P6 rat), the mean [Cl]i is approximately 50 mM, and for P16 and P21 rats it is approximately 30-35 mM. The second construct, termed BioSensor-GlyR, is a GlyR channel with Cl-Sensor incorporated into the cytoplasmic domain. This is the first molecular probe for spectroscopic monitoring of the functioning of receptor-operated channels. These types of probes offer a means of screening pharmacological agents and monitoring Cl under different physiological and pathological conditions and permit spectroscopic monitoring of the activity of GlyRs expressed in heterologous systems and neurons.

关键词

基因编码荧光探针氯离子传感器甘氨酸受体视网膜膜片钳比率荧光成像