综述或非传感器论文 2011 非传感器论文

Application of AFM and optical biosensor for investigation of complexes formed in P450-containing monooxygenase systems.

Biochimica et biophysica acta Archakov AI, Ivanov YD
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组成图示

示意图生成中

传感器类型

综述或非传感器论文

检测对象

细胞色素P450 101(P450 101/P450cam)、细胞色素P450 11A1(P450 11A1/CYP11A1)、细胞色素P450 2B4(P450 2B4/P450LM2)及其蛋白复合物;样品基质为蛋白缓冲液/单体化膜蛋白溶液(50 mM KP,pH 7.4,含Emulgen 913)

检测原理

AFM将蛋白或复合物吸附于云母片,探针扫描时悬臂梁因相互作用力弯曲,通过高度分布ρ(h)区分单体、二聚和三聚复合物。OB将一种蛋白共价固定于羧甲基葡聚糖层,溶液中的蛋白伙伴结合后改变表面质量/折射率,产生共振角位移或共振镜响应;响应随结合蛋白浓度增加而增大,实时曲线拟合得到kon、koff、KD和τLT。由于所有蛋白折射率相近,表面蛋白浓度与响应近似线性。通过比较τLT与催化循环时间τcat,判断复合物是否能在完成一次单加氧酶循环前保持结合,从而区分生产性与非生产性复合物。

检测灵敏度

DL: ~10−12 M

效应效果

AFM可无标记、近天然条件可视化单分子,垂直分辨率0.1–0.2 nm,横向约0.5 nm;OB实时无标记,DL约10−12 M,可测kon、koff、KD、τLT。P450 101中τcat=0.03 s,二聚Pd/PdR与Pd/P450 101的τLT为70±15 s和33±15 s,生产性<0.1%;三聚τLT=2±1 s,生产性100%,约70个循环。P450 2B4中Fp/2B4 τLT=20±8 s,τcat=11±2 s,约2个循环;三聚τLT=5±2 s,约1个循环。P450 11A1三聚τLT=25±13 s,τcat约25 s,约1个循环;二聚生产性≤3%。

传感器的构成

  • 基底/换能器:云母片(mica)或光学生物传感器芯片(OB chip),用于承载蛋白或产生光学响应
  • 修饰层:羧甲基葡聚糖(carboxymethylated dextran)表面,用于共价固定蛋白
  • 识别元件:固定化蛋白(Pd、PdR、P450 101、Ad、AdR、P450 11A1、Fp、2B4、b5),作为配体捕获溶液蛋白
  • 信号标记物:无标记(label-free)蛋白复合物,结合引起表面质量/折射率变化或AFM高度变化
  • 读出层:AFM悬臂梁/探针(cantilever/tip)或光学生物传感器(OB-RM/SPR),输出高度分布或共振响应

中文摘要

原子力显微镜(AFM)可可视化并计数多蛋白体系中的单个蛋白及其复合物;光学生物传感器(OB)可提供复合物形成动力学、寿命(τLT)和亲和力。将τLT与催化循环时间(τcat)比较,可区分有效与非有效复合物。本文综述AFM与OB在细胞色素P450 101、P450 11A1和P450 2B4三种单加氧酶体系中的应用。AFM在三个体系中均注册到二聚和三聚蛋白复合物,OB对其进行了动力学表征。结果显示,P450 101中的putidaredoxin reductase(PdR)/putidaredoxin(Pd)和Pd/P450 101二聚复合物,以及P450 11A1中的adrenodoxin reductase(AdR)/adrenodoxin(Ad)和Ad/P450 11A1二聚复合物均为非生产性(死锁);三聚PdR/Pd/P450 101和AdR/Ad/P450 11A1为生产性。P450 2B4中的cytochrome P450 reductase(Fp)/P450 2B4(2B4)二聚和Fp/2B4/cytochrome b5(b5)三聚复合物均为生产性。

英文摘要

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) allows to visualize and count the individual protein molecules and their complexes within multiprotein systems. On the other hand, optical biosensor (OB) provides information on complex formation kinetics as well as complex lifetime (τ(LT)) and affinity. Comparison of complex lifetime τ(LT) with the time required for enzyme's catalytic cycle (τ(cat)) enables to characterize productive complexes and distinguish them from non-productive ones. Both these approaches were applied for the analysis of the three cytochrome P450-containing monooxygenase systems: cytochrome P450 101, cytochrome P450 11A1 and cytochrome P450 2B4. By using AFM, the formation of binary and ternary protein complexes was registered in all the three systems. OB analysis enabled to kinetically characterize these binary and ternary complexes. It was shown that the binary complexes putidaredoxin reductase (PdR)/putidaredoxin (Pd) and Pd/cytochrome P450 101 (P450 101) formed within the P450 101 system and, also, the binary complexes adrenodoxin reductase (AdR)/adrenodoxin (Ad) and Ad/cytochrome P450 11A1 (P450 11A1) formed within the P450 11A1 system are non-productive (deadlock). At the same time, the ternary PdR/Pd/P450 101 and AdR/Ad/P450 11A1 complexes proved to be productive. The binary cytochrome P450 reductase (Fp)/cytochrome P450 2B4 (2B4) complexes and the ternary Fp/2B4/cytochrome b5 (b5) complexes formed within P450 2B4 system were productive.

关键词

细胞色素P450原子力显微镜光学生物传感器蛋白复合物表面等离子共振共振镜