综述或非传感器论文 2011 非传感器论文

The effect of paraoxon on spermatogenesis in Dugesia gonocephala from the Chilean Altiplano: proliferation and apoptosis.

Environmental science and pollution research international Rodríguez HH, Espinoza-Navarro O, Silva I, Needham D, Castro ME, Sarabia L, Inostroza J, Jimenez L
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组成图示

示意图生成中

传感器类型

综述或非传感器论文

检测对象

对氧磷(paraoxon, PO);样品基质:河水/体外暴露水样(Guacollo河水)

检测原理

对氧磷作为有机磷农药的活性代谢物,暴露于 Dugesia gonocephala 睾丸组织后,通过抑制乙酰胆碱酯酶并干扰细胞周期与 DNA 合成,引起生精小管细胞增殖和凋亡改变。增殖响应以 BrdU 掺入新合成 DNA 为标记,凋亡响应以 Apaf-1 抗体识别凋亡相关蛋白为基础。随后采用链霉亲和素-生物素-HRP/DAB 免疫组化显色,将分子事件转化为棕色阳性信号。光学显微镜下计数 BrdU 阳性和 Apaf-1 阳性细胞比例,作为对氧磷浓度的生物响应信号。高浓度导致死亡,亚致死浓度抑制增殖并诱导凋亡,最低浓度出现增殖代偿性增加。

检测灵敏度

原文未报告LOD、线性范围、灵敏度斜率或相关系数。

效应效果

研究未报告选择性、抗干扰、稳定性、重现性 RSD、实际样品加标回收率,也未与 ELISA、HPLC 或 qPCR 等定量方法对比。实验重复 3 次,组间比较采用 p≤0.05 判断显著性。剂量效应明显:0.8 和 0.4 mM 对氧磷处理 4 h 后均 100% 死亡;亚致死浓度均显著改变生精小管细胞增殖和凋亡。BrdU 阳性细胞比例由对照 51.0±3.7% 变为 0.04 mM 16.0±2.8%、0.004 mM 41.0±5.1%、0.0004 mM 78.0±6.4%;Apaf-1 阳性细胞由 1.3±0.7% 升至 43%–68%。作者主张该扁虫模型可用作有机磷农药污染的生物传感器或生物标志物。

传感器的构成

  • 生物指示模型:Dugesia gonocephala 成体扁虫,作为对氧磷暴露与毒性响应载体
  • 响应组织:睾丸生精小管细胞,发生增殖与凋亡改变
  • 增殖标记物:BrdU,掺入新合成 DNA 以标记 S 期细胞
  • 凋亡识别元件:Apaf-1 抗体,识别凋亡相关蛋白
  • 显色系统:链霉亲和素-生物素-HRP/DAB 免疫组化显色,产生棕色阳性信号
  • 读出方式:光学显微镜 Nikon E400 观察并计数 BrdU+/Apaf-1+ 细胞

中文摘要

智利高原生态系统因缺乏农业和工业等人类活动而基本未受污染。本研究以智利高原 Guacollo 河采集的 Dugesia gonocephala 成体扁虫为对象,考察对氧磷(paraoxon)在活跃精子发生期间对睾丸细胞增殖和凋亡的影响。将扁虫分别置于 0.8、0.4、0.04、0.004 和 0.0004 mM 对氧磷中孵育 4 h,并在孵育 3 h 后加入溴脱氧尿苷(BrdU)。随后采用免疫组化方法检测 BrdU 阳性细胞以反映细胞增殖,检测 Apaf-1 阳性细胞以反映凋亡。结果显示,0.4 和 0.8 mM 对氧磷处理组在 4 h 内均出现 100% 死亡;最低浓度 0.0004 mM 显著增加生精小管细胞增殖和凋亡细胞数量;其余浓度则显著抑制细胞增殖并诱导凋亡。作者认为,对氧磷可抑制 DNA 合成并在精子发生过程中诱导凋亡,该扁虫模型有望用作农业农药污染的生物传感器或生物标志物。

英文摘要

INTRODUCTION AND AIMS: The Chilean Altiplano ecosystem is conserved free from contaminants and pollutants because of the absence of major local human activities such as agriculture or other industries. We studied the effects of paraoxon on proliferation and apoptosis of testicular cells during active spermatogenesis in Dugesia gonocephala collected from a pristine river (Guacollo) in the Altiplano region nearby Visviri town, Chile. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Adult planarians were incubated in varying concentrations of paraoxon (0.8, 0.4, 0.04, 0.004, and 0.0004 mM) for 4 h. After 3 h of incubation, bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) was added. Effects on cell proliferation (BrdU) and apoptosis (Apaf-1) were determined by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Paraoxon concentrations of 0.4 and 0.8 mM caused 100% mortality in the respective treatment groups. The lowest tested concentration (0.0004 mM) caused a significant increase on cell proliferation in the seminiferous tubules, as well as an increase in the number of apoptotic cells. All other tested concentrations significantly inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS: Paraoxon inhibits DNA synthesis and induces apoptosis during spermatogenesis in adult planarians from a high-altitude, pollution-free environment. This could suggest its use as a biosensor or biomarker for contamination with agro pesticides.

关键词

对氧磷扁虫精子发生细胞增殖细胞凋亡生物标志物