组成图示
示意图生成中
传感器类型
压电(QCM)生物传感器
检测对象
甲氧西林耐药金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)的mecA基因(mecA gene);样品基质为细菌DNA的PCR扩增产物(PCR-amplified bacterial DNA),另用合成寡核苷酸(synthetic oligonucleotides)验证。
检测原理
该传感器以金电极石英晶体为换能器,表面固定单链DNA探针。当含有mecA互补序列的单链DNA目标物与探针杂交时,界面结合质量增加。根据石英晶体谐振原理,质量增加使晶体谐振频率下降,频率偏移Δf与结合质量近似成比例,因此目标物浓度越高,负向Δf越大。系统无需外源标记或酶放大,直接由QCA917连续记录频率变化。对于PCR扩增的双链DNA,需先经高温变性;加入阻断寡核苷酸可占据非目标区域,抑制双链复性,使更多单链目标物可用于表面杂交,从而提高信号和重现性。
检测灵敏度
原文未报告LOD、线性范围、灵敏度斜率及相关系数;测试浓度: 0.06–0.75 μM(合成寡核苷酸)、0.015、0.03、0.06 μM(PCR样品);最大响应: -64 ± 1 Hz(0.06 μM PCR样品)
效应效果
传感器对非互补25-mer响应可忽略(<2 Hz),PCR空白和阴性对照信号很低(-1至-4 Hz),选择性良好。生物素化探针平均响应比硫醇化探针高约26%。重现性:生物素化探针同晶体CV 4%、不同晶体CV 7%;硫醇化探针CV 9%和11%;全浓度平均CV 4%和8%。最佳条件为生物素化探针加高温/阻断寡核苷酸变性,P1-P2和P2-P3信号为-38±3 Hz(CV 5%)和-38±2 Hz(CV 8%);0.06 μM PCR样品最大响应-64±1 Hz。作者认为可用于快速识别MRSA,但尚未用真实临床样品验证。
传感器的构成
- 基底/换能器:10 MHz AT-cut石英晶体(quartz crystal),双面蒸发金电极(Au,42.6 mm²),提供压电换能并承载探针。
- 修饰层(生物素路线):硫醇-葡聚糖层(thiol-dextran,Dextran T500/11-巯基十一醇等),构建可固定链霉亲和素的界面。
- 识别元件固定层(生物素路线):链霉亲和素(streptavidin, SA),通过生物素-链霉亲和素作用固定生物素化DNA探针。
- 识别元件固定层(硫醇路线):金-硫键(Au-S),使5′端硫醇化探针直接固定于裸金表面。
- 识别元件:27-mer生物素化DNA探针(biotinylated probe,5′-biotin-TTCCAGGAATGCAGAAAGACCAAAGCA-3′)或27-mer硫醇化DNA探针(thiolated probe,5′-HS-(CH2)6-TTCCAGGAATGCAGAAAGACCAAAGCA-3′),识别mecA互补序列。
- 封闭层:MCH封闭硫醇(1 mM),封闭金表面非特异性结合位点。
- 信号标记物:无外源标记(label-free),杂交后质量增加直接改变晶体频率。
中文摘要
本文研究了一种基于DNA的压电生物传感器,重点考察探针固定方式和DNA样品预处理对性能的影响。该传感器用于特异性检测甲氧西林耐药金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)的mecA基因。MRSA可引起肺炎、脑膜炎和心内膜炎等感染,也是全球医院获得性感染的重要原因,其耐药性由编码异常蛋白的mecA基因赋予。文中报道了两种针对mecA基因的探针固定方法:通过链霉亲和素-生物素相互作用固定生物素化探针,以及直接固定硫醇化探针。在合成寡核苷酸研究后,将该系统应用于PCR扩增的MRSA细菌DNA分析,并比较两种变性预处理方法。结果表明,采用生物素化探针,并对PCR扩增样品进行高温加阻断寡核苷酸的变性处理时,传感器在灵敏度和重现性方面表现更好。
英文摘要
A DNA-based piezoelectric biosensor has been here studied in terms of probe immobilisation and DNA sample pre-treatment. The biosensor is specific for the detection of the mecA gene of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Methicillin-resistant S. aureus is responsible of several infections in humans, like pneumonia, meningitis and endocarditic. MRSA is also a major cause of hospital-acquired infections worldwide. The antibiotics resistance is conferred by the gene mecA, codifying for an anomalous protein. Two different immobilisation procedures of the probe specific for mecA gene are reported: immobilisation via streptavidin-biotin interaction and direct immobilisation of thiolated probes. After the study with synthetic oligonucleotides, the system has been applied to the analysis of bacterial DNA from MRSA, amplified by polymerase chain reaction. These samples were pre-treated with two different denaturation procedures and the performances of the sensor in the two cases were compared. The two immobilisation methods and denaturation protocols were here used to study the influences of these parameters on the performances of the sensor, applied here to the detection of the mecA gene. Better results in terms of sensitivity and reproducibility were obtained when using the biotinylated probe and the PCR-amplified samples treated by a denaturation procedures involving the use of high temperature and blocking oligonucleotides.